N6ORS's Hot Mustard Phasing Board. And how Phasing Works.

Keith N6ORS is a prolific homebrewer and a frequent contributor to the SolderSmoke blog.  Many of you will remember his MINEX rig.  And who can forget his SDR creation,  called (by him!) "Satan's Digital Radio"?  Well, Keith is at it again, this time working on a phasing rig. 

HI Bill,

Its been a while.  Lately I've been working on a phasing transceiver

that fits in a tiny can.  Its called Hot Mustard. You need hot mustard

when you hamming. I finished the phasing board, its 10 poles , 5 in each

phase branch. here is a pic.  Building the cpu board

next. I'll document this one for a change hihi.
73,

Keith N6ORS

A while back I did a little diagram that -- for me -- explains how phasing cancels one of the sidebands.  It appears below.   I think Keith's board is for the 90 degree audio phase shift.   You can see how, by changing the shift from you can affect the degree of sideband suppression.   I guess by going from -90 to +90 you could completely switch sidebands.  

This diagram shows a direct conversion receiver with the VFO tuned to 7200 kHz.  There is a signal at 7202 kHz and another signal at 7199 kHz.  In a simple direct conversion receiver, BOTH these signals would produce audio tones in the receiver output.  You'd hear both a 2 kHz tone and a 1 kHz tone. Assume you only want to hear the 1 kHz tone resulting from the 7199 kHz signal.  Phasing lets you do this. Here's how: 

-- First split the VFO signal into its "normal" output and an output that lags by 90 degrees (-90) 

-- Consider the output from the top (normal) mixer to be your reference signal. 

-- Because of the lag in the VFO signal going to the bottom mixer,  the output from the bottom mixer will have the 1 kHz signal 90 degrees ahead of the reference signal (+90) while 2 kHz tone will be 90 degrees behind the reference signals (see "scope view") above.  This is a consequence of the mixer math.  

-- Now, in the bottom signal path, shift BOTH audio tones by -90 degrees (in relation to the top reference signal).  I think this is what Keith's board is doing. 

-- With this -90 degree shift, the 1 kHz signal on the bottom path will be IN PHASE with the 1 kHz signal at the top.  But the 2 kHz signal in the bottom path will be 180 degrees OUT OF PHASE with the (top) reference signal path. 

-- The two signal paths are combined before going to the audio amplifiers. The 1 kHz signal is reinforced while the 2 kHz signal is "nulled out."  

The same principle can be used on transmit.  Instead of two receive mixers, you have two balanced modulators.   Both are putting out upper and lower sidebands.  Instead of the VFO you have the carrier oscillator.  By using the same phase shifting techniques you can reinforce one of the transmitter's sidebands while nulling out the other. 

A Toroid Winder from the Wizard of Wasilla -- Paul KL7FLR

Paul KL7FLR has been sharing tribal knowledge with us for several years now.  He recently provided insights on how to tap threads into metal.  In 2017 he told us about his Alaskan road-kill microphone.  And in the midst of the current quarantine he built this really neat toroid winding tool.   Winding coils is often a show-stopper for would-be homebrewers;  Paul's device should help then get past this perceived impediment. Thanks Paul! 

Paul writes: 

A few weeks ago I needed a way of holding a T37-6 toroid to wind an LP filter coil. Being of the fumble fingered crowd I slapped together a quick and dirty holder using a crudely tapered ¼” wooded dowel. As fate would be, I soon needed to wind some other coils of a larger diameter and my wham bam holder wouldn’t do the job. Time to make a holder for more than just one size with the materials I had on hand.

I measured the id of the smallest toroid and the largest toroid I had and plugged them into an online taper calculator. https://www.easycalculation.com/shapes/taper-degree-calculator.php. Calculated taper was 6.65 degrees so I settled on an even 6 degrees with a length of 1 1/2”.  The final of the taper was extended to 3”.  Using my small 6” metal lathe I set the compound to 6 degrees and chucked up a 4” piece of a ¾” wooden dowel. I would have liked to have an ash, maple or other hardwood dowel but I used what I had on hand. Then I turned the 6 degree taper for 3” until the smallest end was 1/8” making the large end almost ¾”. Some sanding with 320 grit sandpaper followed by some ultra-fine 400 grit made it ready for a coat of clear sealer and a quick stain.

Moving over to the milling machine, I set the 6 degree angle with a 6 degree parallel in the vise.  Positioning the mill spindle to the center of the dowel I used a #0 center drill to mill a slot the entire length of the taper to about .015” deep as I didn’t have a 1/32 end mill.  This slot also can be accomplished with a rotary tool or a hobby knife and a steady hand.

I had a couple of 6-32 wood brass insert nuts in the hardware bins. Believe I bought these at Lowes and the Hillman part #880546 is what I used. Drilling a 3/16” diameter hole ½” deep I screwed the insert in until it was flush with the bottom of the dowel. My previous toroid holder had a wooden base but it proved to be too light and easily moved around on my bench.  I dug out a scrap hunk of ¾” steel about 2.5 inches square.  I then drilled a hole through the base using a #27 drill. Now the toroid holder can be mounted on the steel base using a 6-32 machine screw about 1 ¼” long and removed for a different size spindle when necessary. A wood base can also be used with appropriate length wood screw. Be sure to drill a pilot hole large enough in the spindle to prevent from the wood screw from splitting the spindle. A #6 wood screw long enough to pass through the base and into the spindle about ½” would be adequate.

Winding consists of passing the wire up (or down) the slot, lifting the toroid up and rotating slightly and back down on the spindle for the next winding. This has proved to be a very useful fixture when needing to wind some toroid coils.

The picture at the top shows a T-37-6, T50-2 and a T68-2 top to bottom. Will also fit a up to a T-106. Any larger toroids would require a larger spindle to be made.

Enjoyed your YouTube “Quarantined Receiver”  and all the doings from Pete.

Paul

KL7FLR

Idaho Homebrew -- Brian KE7LOY

Brian wrote (on Facebook): 

This (above) is a general Shortwave Superhet receiver I built over the winter. I chose to go modular so I could interchange some of the modules and make easy repairs and changes to the circuits. I used discreet components and only 2 integrated circuits. I built a Colpitt's buffered oscillator which is remarkably stable, a Gilbert Cell Double Balanced Mixer, a high pass filter to filter out local AM broadcast station. The IF chain uses an old classic collins 455 khz mechanical filter amplified by a J310 feeding into an MC1350P IC... It's using 2 germanium diodes as a detector feeding into an LM386 output amp. It's very, very selective and sensitive. I added a 455 khz BFO (lower right in pic) the other day to tune in SSB and CW. This has been a fun experiment.

https://www.qrz.com/db/KE7LOY

10 Meter Quarantine QSOs near Boston -- KC1FSZ's Peppermint 10

Hi Guys:

I hope all is well.  Thanks for the more frequent episodes!

I’ve not submitted anything lately but I’m still doing a lot of building.  Over the last few weeks I’ve been working to get myself on 10 meters.  There is some good local activity up here in the Boston suburbs on 10.  The result of this effort is the next in the Peppermint Line of high-performance radio products for the discerning operator: The Peppermint 10.  This rig uses digital VFOs and puts out about 12 watts on a good day.  It works in conjunction with a direct-conversion receiver that has been modified for 10 meters.  The details are described in the write-up (see link):

https://mackinnon-public-web.s3.amazonaws.com/peppermint-10/index.html 

73s,

Bruce KC1FSZ

Shortwave Dials -- Exotic Locations -- Hong Kong! Berlin! Springfield? Schenectady?

Click on the picture for a closer look. 

No offense to the birthplace of Homer Simpson, but Springfield?  And Schenectady?  This dial glass is all that remains of a shortwave receiver used by my wife's grandfather in the Dominican Republic. 

Many years ago the Boatanchor enthusiasts had a very informal "dial lights" competition.  Which receiver cast the best glow from its dial lights.  (I think my HQ-100 was the best.)

The dials of many old shortwave receivers have recently started to show up on the Shortwave Listening group on Facebook.  Some have some very exotic foreign locations.   Perhaps we should launch a similar competition:  Which SW receiver dial has the most exotic foreign locations? 

   

Applied Sciences Workshop Tour

Applied Science -- Electrical Impedance Tutorials

Part 1 appears above, Part 2 is below. 

Ben Krasnow has a KNACK for explaining technical things.   I liked his videos on impedance.  At the end of the second video, he said he'd do a third one that would focus on impedance in coaxial cables.  But I couldn't find it on his channel.  I hope it was made -- this is very interesting and useful.   

Ben's YouTube channel is here: https://www.youtube.com/user/bkraz333

Listen to Homebrew-to-Homebrew Quarantine Contact with Glenn KU4NO on his 37 year-old Homebrew SSB Transceiver

This was really amazing.  I had been feeling guilty about not getting on the air much during quarantine.  I mean, we have these airwaves and we have the gear, right? Shouldn't we be more social, more friendly and get on the air more?  I tried yesterday with marginal results (conditions were poor).  I called CQ on 40 SSB this morning -- nil, except for one grumpy guy who said I was splattering on his morning coffee clatch. Then I heard KU4NO calling CQ.  I did not recognize the call.  But when I told him I was on a homebrew transceiver, he matter-of-factly sad that he too was on a homebrew rig.  When he started to describe it  (see below), it all came back me.  His is one of the most soulful of homebrew SSB rigs.  And I realized that it may also be THE OLDEST HOMEBREW SSB RIG STILL IN USE IN THE WORLD.  (If anyone knows of a homebrew SSB transceiver older than 37 years and still on the air, please let me know.)  This was exactly the kind of contact that I needed.  TRGHS. 

Glenn put out a lot of homebrew wisdom.  He said a lot of inspiring things.  (He did also at one point talked about wanting to shoot his plasma TV, but that's understandable.)  So I recorded most of our contact.  (I have his permission to put it on the web).   

You can listen to our contact via the YouTube video above.  

For my report on an earlier contact with Glenn click here: 
https://soldersmoke.blogspot.com/2018/07/a-rig-with-maximum-soul-5-band.html

So, it is worth it to get on the air.  They are rare, but people like Glenn are out there, running very interesting rigs. And when you find them, you feel like you've hit the jackpot. 

Thanks Glenn! 

SolderSmoke Podcast #221 is available -- Quarantine Rigs, Phasing, SWL, Parts Suppliers, Mailbag

Q-31.  "Roll-bar" on cap.  Note RGS316 coax between stages. Country markings on tuning dial

SolderSmoke Podcast #221 is available: 

25 April 2020

http://soldersmoke.com/soldersmoke221.mp3

Obviously no travelogue.   QUARANTINE.  SITS.

Good news:   Lawyers at Dewey Cheatham and Howe report that SolderSmoke will NOT be taken off the net for brazen promotion of the S-38E receiver.

Also some good news on the FT8 vs. FT-FAKE issue.  That report itself was fake.  

PETE’S PROJECTS:

Phasing SSB

And what’s this about a tube CW rig?

Dean KK4DAS builds Pete’s Simple SSB rig. Quarantine Rig: The Furlough 40.  See: https://kk4das.blogspot.com/

SHAMELESS COMMERCE DIVISION:  NEW AMAZON LINK IN THE UPPER RIGHT SIDE OF SOLDERSMOKE BLOG. .

BILL’S BENCH:

QUARANTINE PROJECT:    Q-31 AM SW Receiver.  April 4 through April 19.   15 days of fun.   Learned a lot. 

Need to pay attention to total gain.  Need to measure.   Not always easy.  My resistor-based technique.

AM detection can be more difficult than SSB/CW detection.  Germanium diodes make a big difference.

But…I don’t have to build a BFO, because these signals bring their own beat frequency.

455 CAN BE PROBLEMATIC AS AN IF – image response, making impedance matching transformers tough at those low frequencies.   But WIDE filters available.  

LM386 AF chip make a LOT of audio.  Hard to reproduce these great results. 

Great stuff you can listen to on 31 meters (9.4 –10 MHz):

n  DX WaveScan

n  WRMI Rock and roll

n  VORW music show

n  Radio Nacional De Espana (Madrid)

n  China Radio International  soap operas and Confucius philosophy lessons.

n  China Radio International Chinese Lessons.

n  Radio Greece

n  Radio Republica (France)

n  Radio Havana Cuba

n  Radio Saudi Arabia

n  WBCQ – They advised listeners to fix up an S-38 during quarantine! !!!!!!!

n  WWV

SHOPPING BAG -- THINGS TO GET:

-- Great source for hardware (screws, nuts, bolts and more):  McMaster-Carr   https://www.mcmaster.com/ 

-- Thermax RGS316 coax.   Great stuff.   Thanks Jim  In some ways better than Belden 1671A https://soldersmoke.blogspot.com/2012/03/murphys-whiskers-shaved-with-belden.html

-- Copper Clad board:  Pete’s boards use CEM 1. CEM 1 is low-cost, flame-retardant, cellulose-paper-based laminate with only one layer of woven glass fabric.

https://www.ebay.com/itm/18-pcs-Copper-Clad-Laminate-Board-Single-Sided-4-x-6-CEM-1-060-2-oz/311756276147?ssPageName=STRK%3AMEBIDX%3AIT&_trksid=p2060353.m2749.l2649

-- BEST TEST LEADS: https://www.ebay.com/itm/BEST-TEST-LEADS-PERIOD-Hand-Soldered-MINI-CLIP-Version-32-16AWG-Ultra-Flexible/233519356767?ssPageName=STRK%3AMEBIDX%3AIT&_trksid=p2060353.m2749.l2649

NEED/WANT: 

-- Thermaleze magnet wire.  First encountered in QRP GUYS EFHW tuner kit.  Very FB

http://www.amidoncorp.com/thermaleze-coated-magnet-wire/

Resistor kits

NP0 cap kit

Replacement Iron for XTRonic 4000 Iron.

RIGOL PROBES Why do we burn through so many of these?

MAILBAG:

-- Eric 4Z1UG Episode 300 Special

-- Farhan working on ventilators. Special thanks to Dr. Gordon Gibby KX4Z. 

-- Jonathan-San working out of new shed in Seattle

-- Grayson reminds us of the Fran Lab: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCMLgHbpJ8qYqj3CkdbvC0Ww

-- WRMI likes SolderSmoke

-- Peter VK2EMU continues to build his amplifier.  But it is NOT for 50 MHz.  It does have 6 different meters on the front panel.  But it is not a 6 meter rig!

-- Rich K7SZ – “now look what you’ve done”   Fixing up an S-38

-- Rich WD3C  Provided some great SWL links:

https://www.short-wave.info/ if you move the green dot to your location it will predict what the signal strength would be at your location and will also allow you to search by station, language, frequency, etc. 

Thomas Whitherspoon, https://swling.com/blog/  Another, https://shortwaveschedule.com/ and of coarse https://www.hfunderground.com/board/index.php all the pirate broadcasters show up here. 

-- Paul KL7FLR amazing S-38E diagnosis from afar. Paul's toroid tool (more to follow on this). 

Pete's Quarantine 6V6 Rig

Quarantine Search for Zombie Satellite in Geo-Synchronous Orbit

Nice two minute audio report:

https://www.npr.org/2020/04/24/843493304/long-lost-u-s-military-satellite-found-by-amateur-radio-operator

Scott Tilley is VE7TIL