SolderSmoke Podcast #253 AUDIO VERSION: NYC, SF, DR, PC, DSC, PODCAST IN DANGER, SPRAT, sBITX, CW, IMD, AI, PNP, MAILBAG

SolderSmoke Podcast #253 is available:  

 http://soldersmoke.com/soldersmoke253.mp3

October 16, 2024

Sponsor!  Parts Candy is back!  Handmade in Chicago!  Standard test leads,  Hook clips, alligator clips in 12" and 32" and multimeter leads

Travelouge/Intro

Bill's trip to NYC -- The Empire State Building

Dean goes to the Bay area. 

Harry Caul,  Marty Klein W3VCG , "The Conversation" and THE KNACK.https://soldersmoke.blogspot.com/2024/08/harry-caul-had-knack-movie-review.html

Joe Piscopo in Bell System video! https://soldersmoke.blogspot.com/2024/08/soldersmoke-quiz-question-who-is-actor.html

Bill's Bench 

Bill's report from SolderSmoke Shack South: The tropics:  What this means.  Guapo wouldn't  go out when the sun was overhead. 

 Skies not great for astronomy now.  But we see a lot of satellites, and meteors.

Antenna developments:   1/4 vertical on a fishing pole.  

Lightning suppression coming for the building. Lightning suppressors.  Got 2.  Good video from the IMSAI guy: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7EyABPuNDMA Argon gas suppresion tubes.Need to crimp! 

Hurricane prevention. Metal storm curtains. 

Thinking of solar panels. 12 panels, 5 kW system.  Probably without batteries.  What do you think? 

A golf cart. 

New PC.  BeeLink.  Very tiny! (palm of your hand)   24 inch screen. Works well https://www.amazon.com/dp/B0BVFKN7ZL?ref=ppx_yo2ov_dt_b_fed_asin_title&th=1

A very satisfying fix on the 15/10 rig -- loose connection to RF amp.  The highly suspect Ramsey Kit Amp was NOT the culprit!  Got to use the new Rigol DS-1102.  A fun fix. Will build a second CCI amp. 

Digital Selective Calling -- listening to ships and shore stations on HF.  https://soldersmoke.blogspot.com/2024/10/monitoring-maritime-radio-messages-with.html

SHAMELESS COMMERCE:  Our blogs and the podcast are in danger!  Pete is already on a permanent  blog hiatus.  I have seen a big decline in readership.  Frankly, if no one is reading or listening, we just may decide not to do it anymore.  We don't want to do this.  So please, link to the blogs.  Talk up the blog and podcast on your own blogs and social media.  

Parts Candy Test Leads are back as our sponsor.  Pete has them.  Dean has them, I have them in two different countries!     DON'T SCRIMP WITH A CRIMP!  

SPRAT Summer 2O24 Special EXTRA 50th Anniversary issue! https://www.gqrp.com/sales.htm

Dean's Bench

First CW contact:  With KK4DAS on his HB sBITX  and  Alan W2AEW POTA.  TRGHS. 

Dean fixes the sBITX problems. Again.  SUB-THRESHOLD CONDUCTION!    Lots of patience and stick-to-it-ivness. LPF leakage!  https://kk4das.blogspot.com/2024/08/homebrew-sbitx-lpf-leak-stopped.html

IMD IMD IMD and the Tiny SA Ultra https://soldersmoke.blogspot.com/2024/09/sherwood-its-time-to-clean-up-our.html

AI  AI   AI -- Experimental AI Podcasts about SolderSmoke (no kidding -- (NOT April 1) Where they came from https://soldersmoke.blogspot.com/2024/09/where-ai-podcasts-came-from.html 

AI Podcast #2 https://soldersmoke.blogspot.com/2024/09/here-is-another-short-podcast-about.html

AI Podcast #1  https://soldersmoke.blogspot.com/2024/09/a-new-experimental-podcast-about.html

Pete's Bench

 An all PNP rig -- A notional look, https://n6qw.blogspot.com/2024/08/august-30-2024-pnp-20m-ssb-transceiver.html 

Videos on old Boatanchors. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mnboJ75NCmY&t=1s

MAILBAG:  

Lex PH2LB making some new stickers.  Look out San Francisco!  

Rogier PA1ZZ sending lots of good ideas and links. 

Todd K7TFC  great idea on SS readersip decline 

Todd VE7BPO  aka Vasily -- great info on how to stabilize LC oscillators. https://soldersmoke.blogspot.com/2024/09/qrp-homebuilder-shows-us-how-to-build.html

Eric 4Z1UG  Welcome words of encouragement on the blog and podcast 

Dave W2DAB says that AI just can't replace the Tappit Brothers of ham radio.  Now the Tappit Triplets. 

Michael AA1TJ  Thoughtfully skeptical about AI. 

Grayson K7JUM on the cleanliness of the 32S-3. Also amazing video on Thermatron MMM. 

Mike WN2A working on DC receivers and hum! 

Floran OE7FTI building Farhan's JBOT amp! 

Mike Murphy WU2D building 1930 replica rigs using a Frank Jones circuit 

Dave K8WPE always great to hear from such a strong SolderSmoke supporter. 

Walter KA4KXX  Great ideas from the Wizard of Orlando. 

Paul G0OER -- Reacting to the 1970s Ham Radio video. Didn't remember being so cool. 

Thomas K4SWL -- Struggling with the hurricane in NC.  Hang in there OM. 

Nick M0NTZ building another Direct Conversion receiver -- with videos about it.

Michael AG5VG building a Mythbustrer-style 20 meter rig.  FT-101 VFO.  FB

Tony G4WIF -- Readership problem advice 

John AB2XT sent us 6000 47 pf NP0 capacitors.  So we are now good for caps!   Thanks John. 

Paul VK3HN Was suitably impresses by the AI podcasts we put on the blog. Thanks Paul. 

A Contact with my Old Azorean DSB Transceiver

I've been thinking about balanced modulators, and I wanted to see how some of my early circuits performed.  So I pulled this OLD Double Sideband rig off the shelf and fired it up. The balanced modulator -- and everything else! - worked fine,  and I soon made contact on 17 meter SSB with Gene, AB9GK. 

This was the first DSB transceiver that I ever built.  I made this out in the Azores, probably in 2000 or 2001.  Years later I had replaced the RF power amplifier with a "JBOT" (Just a Bunch of Transistors) designed by Farhan.  

Over on my YouTube channel a comment came in from my friend Jack:  

@dhakajack

"Looking inside and seeing the o-scope probe in place while the radio was on the air reminded me of neurosurgery where the patient is awake and talking while the surgeon probes different brain regions soliciting feedback. Sure, ham radio isn't neurosurgery, but it's not too far at times. Also, you already have rocket science covered."

Here is an article about my build of that first rig:

https://www.gadgeteer.us/17METER.HTM

I think the article captures well the trials and tribulations faced by new homebrewers, perhaps with the twist that comes from being out in the middle of the Atlantic ocean.  

Mike WU2D is having similar fun with his homebrew 10 meter DSB transceiver: 

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uZt1LTGyoHc

I was struck by how similar Mike's early QSO experiences were with mine.  We both put our DSB transmitters on the air before they made their way into real cabinets or boxes. 

Here's mine from 2001 in the Azores: 

Exorcism Completed! Getting Rid of the Spur in my 17 meter SSB Transmitter using a TinySA (video)

To re-cap:  The problem became evident when trying to "net" or "spot" my transmitter onto my receive frequency.  Around 18.116 MHz, I could hear at least two tones in the receiver as I moved the transmitter frequency.  I needed to get rid of the extra tone. 

First, thanks to all who sent in suggestions.  They came in literally from around the world, and this is a demonstration of the IBEW in action.  I used or at least tried all of them.  They were all good ideas. 

Following Vasily Ivananeko's pseudonymous suggestion I rebuilt the carrier oscillator (apologies to G3YCC).  I used the carrier oscillator/buffer circuit from Farhan's BITX20.   

Henk PA0EME said I should look at the signal level at the input ports of the NE602 mixer.  Henk was right --- the VXO input was far too high.  I lowered it, but the problem persisted. 

At first, I thought that the spur in question was so small that it would not show up on the air.  I could not see it in the TX output using my TinySA spectrum analyzer.  That was good news and bad news:  Good that it was not showing up on the air, bad that I could not see it in the TinySA and use that image in the exorcism. 

At first I thought that the spur was being caused by the 10th harmonic of the carrier oscillator and the third harmonic of the VXO.  This seemed to fit.  So, following VK3YE's sage advice, I built a little 69 MHz series LC trap (using a coil sent by AA1TJ, on a board CNC'd by Pete N6QW).  That trap succeeded spectacularly in crushing the 10 harmonic.  Look at these before and after shots on the TinySA: 

Before Trap

After Trap

Spectacular right? But guess what?  The problem was still there.  

I scrutinized the situation once more. I realized that the spur would be more visible if I put the TinySA on the input of the transmitter's PA (a JBOT amp designed by Farhan) as opposed to putting it on the output.  Watching the spur and the needed signal move in the TinySA as I tuned the VXO, I realized that they were moving in opposite directions.  This indicated that the spur was the result of a carrier oscillator harmonic MINUS a VXO-generated frequency (as the VXO frequency increased, the spur frequency decreased).  Looking at my EXCEL spread sheet, I could see it:  8th harmonic of the carrier oscillator MINUS the main output of the VXO. 

To confirm this, I plugged the values into W7ZOI's Spurtune program.  Yes, the spur popped up and  moved as predicted.  

For further confirmation I shut down the carrier oscillator by pulling the crystal from the socket, and then just clipped in a 5.176 MHz signal from my HP-8640B signal generator (thanks KB3SII and W2DAB). Boom!  On the TinySA, the spur disappeared.  Now I at least knew what the problem was:  a harmonic from the carrier oscillator.  

Following good troubleshooting practice, I turned off the gear and went to bed.  When I woke up, an idea came to me:  Before launching into a lot of filtering and shielding, just try running the carrier oscillator at a lower voltage, seeing if doing so might reduce the harmonic output.   I disconnected the carrier oscillator board from the main supply and clipped in a variable voltage bench supply.   Watching the signal on my TinySA, I watched as the spur completely disappeared as I reduced the voltage from around 13V to 10V  (see video above).  The main signal frequency level did not change much.  I tested this by listening for the hated extra tones.  They were gone.  Exorcised.  

Key lessons: 

-- Spur problems are difficult to troubleshoot.  Armstrong's superhet architecture is, of course, great, but this is definitely one of the pitfalls.  Single conversion makes life easier.  IF selection is very important. Choose wisely! 

-- When looking at the TinySA as you tune the rig, pay attention to which way the spur is moving.  This provides an important clue regarding the combination of harmonic you are dealing with. 

-- The TinySA is a very useful tool.  It seems like it is easier to use than the NanoVNA (which is also a fantastic tool). 

-- It can be fun and rewarding to re-visit old projects.  In the years between original construction and the re-look, new test gear has become available, and the skill and experience of the builder has improved.  So problems that once seemed insurmountable become fix-able. 

-- Thinking through a problem and thinking about possible solutions is very important.  It pays to step away from the bench to think and rest.  Rome wasn't built in a day. Here's a rough block diagram that I drew up (noodled!) while trying to figure out this problem: 

Junk Box Sideband from the Azores (2004 QST Article)

About 20 years after I first built it, I find myself working on and using this SSB transmitter.    I recently added some impedance matching to the Swan 240 crystal filter;  several years ago I replaced the PA with a "JBOT" amplifier designed by Farhan VU2ESE.  I now have it on the air, using it with a highly modified Doug DeMaw, Barebones "Barbados" superhet  receiver. I had my first (recent!) QSO with this station yesterday, with Les 6Y6Y on the beach in Negril, Jamaica. 

More on this project in due course. Lots of soul in this machine. 

I'd forgotten about this article -- thanks to Pete Eaton for reminding me. Click on the images for a better look at the article. For an even clearer view, download the images and then open them on your computer. 

SolderSmoke Podcast #168 Software Inefficiencies! DSB Blues! Schematic Errors! QRO Confessions!

SolderSmoke Podcast #168 is available. 
22 November 2014 

http://soldersmoke.com/soldersmoke168.mp3
The benefits of software inefficiency.
Don't throw a wet blanket on computer baby steps.
DDS-ing Pete's old boatanchors and Bill's BITX. 
Bill's DSB amplifier woes: a JBOT unfairly scorned.
Getting ready for solar-powered beach DSB.  
Michigan Mighty Mite Crystal Offer -- FREE ROCKS!
Tribal knowledge: Beware of mistakes in published schematics!
QRO update: Working Japan on 17 meters. 
Happy Thanksgiving! 

Our book: "SolderSmoke -- Global Adventures in Wireless Electronics" http://soldersmoke.com/book.htm Our coffee mugs, T-Shirts, bumper stickers: http://www.cafepress.com/SolderSmoke Our Book Store: http://astore.amazon.com/contracross-20

VE7BPO on "Killing Q"

I'm still scratching my head a bit about HOW the resistor prescribed by Edgardo, LU1AR, cured the 250 kHz oscillation problem that was plaguing the JBOT amplifier in my 20 meter DSB rig.   Earlier I'd posted an excerpt from a CQ article in which Doug DeMaw talks about swamping and Q killing.   Last week I got a very thoughtful e-mail from esteemed homebrewer Todd,  VE7BPO.  Here is an excerpt :

Thoughts and Considerations
Let’s discuss squashing low frequency oscillations in a QRP transmitter; say at 200 KHz or so. A low value resistor across the coil (12t -- FT37-43) often works well to stop these.
Oscillations come from the transistor: gain versus frequency isn’t linear, nor is impedance at transistor ports. We’ll often add negative feedback and such to stabilize an amplifier towards unconditional status. In my Tx circuit that oscillated, no feedback was applied. 
 In the case of an inductor wound on a FT37-43 or FT50-43, the Q is already low (say 8- 15 or so). Obviously a resistor in parallel with such a coil is not going to lower Q since Q is already quite low. That R will reduce the inductor impedance and thus may serve to decrease the low frequency gain of the RF amplifier to stop any low frequency oscillations. This might not work so well with a way-high fT transistor where decoupling might be hampered if UHF oscillations are singing. 
Doug DeMaw often referred to the parallel resistor as a Q-killer. If we examine the equations describing parallel, or series resonant circuits -- if the Q of a tank is high enough, we can practically ignore the effect of resistance at resonance. Conversely if we add a resistance and make it high enough, we might even obliterate the resonant frequency or “kill the Q”. Engineers have long placed an R into a parallel-tuned circuit to drop Q and stop oscillations — they refer to it as damping. 1 example might be in old TV sets where a variable resistance was added to peaking coils to prevent a tank from ringing at a frequency determined by the coil L and distributed C. This applies to higher Q inductors and not our FT37-43 inductor. 
Decoupling
Our teacher, Wes, teaches us in EMRFD that coupling often occurs along the DC power supply lines.  Further, he’s taught us to decouple AC by placing high impedance in this path.  Often the impedance is a low-pass filter with series element(s) of a high Z and shunt element(s) with a low Z.  The filter must present a simple short circuit (or perhaps just a resistance) at low frequency so DC flows to the amplifier.    
Final 
Oscillations should likely be identified and treated according their frequency. This topic looks advanced and all RLC networks deserve more attention from us.
Todd, VE7BPO --- Feb 27, 2013  

Our book: "SolderSmoke -- Global Adventures in Wireless Electronics" http://soldersmoke.com/book.htm Our coffee mugs, T-Shirts, bumper stickers: http://www.cafepress.com/SolderSmoke Our Book Store: http://astore.amazon.com/contracross-20

Swamping or Q-Killing

Sounds like some new TV series on the Discover Channel, doesn't it? Actually it refers to efforts to stabilize oscillators by reducing the Q of components that may be helping to turn the amplifier into an oscillator.   A 300 ohm resistor across the primary of the output transformer on my most recent version of the JBOT amplifier recently solved my instability problem.  As part of an effort to understand how and why I came across a CQ magazine article by Doug DeMaw.  The relevant passage appears above.  

Our book: "SolderSmoke -- Global Adventures in Wireless Electronics" http://soldersmoke.com/book.htm Our coffee mugs, T-Shirts, bumper stickers: http://www.cafepress.com/SolderSmoke Our Book Store: http://astore.amazon.com/contracross-20

But Why Did Swamping Resistors Cure JBOT Oscillations?

OK,  so as I mentioned in SolderSmoke 148 (apprently with screeching in the background -- sorry) I managed to tame a bad JBOT oscillation problem by placing 680 ohm resistors across the primaries of the broadband transfomers in the JBOT.  Now I'm wondering how/why this worked, and what we could do to make this kludge unnecessary.  

Am I correct in suspecting that at the problematic frequency of 250 kHz, the one or more of the tranformers are self resonant, and that the resistors just bring down the Q of the -- in effect -- tuned circuit?  This lowering of Q makes feedback and oscillation more difficult, right?  

Here is the background.   Read from the bottom up.   

There is an old saying in Spanish:  "No hay mal que por bien no venga."   More or less this is the same idea as: "Every dark cloud has a silver lining."  Well, the dark cloud was my techno-agony with the parasitic oscillations (see my plea for h elp from yesterday).  The silver lining was the e-mail from Edgardo, LU1AR, in Buenos Aires that helped me get rid of them.    Edgardo advised putting a resistor across the primaries of the JBOT amplifier stages.  This is an old "lower the Q" trick, the idea being that lowering the Q might help prevent the amp from self-oscillating.     I used 680 ohm resistors.   First I put one across the primary of Q1.  No joy. Then Q2.  No luck.  Then I put one right across the primary of that big output transformer.  That did it!  The parasitics disappeared.   And I still get a nice 4 watts of output.  Thanks Edgardo.  I hope to make a contact with this rig today. 

The real silver lining in this story comes, however, in the form of Edgardo's blog site.  Wow, what an inspiring example of Argentinian Knack.  Radios, telescopes, auto-giros.  This guy is also into homebrew DSB rigs.  Wonderful stuff.  Check it out.  (Google will translate it for you, if necessary, but even if you don't read Spanish, the pictures tell most of the story.) 

http://www.lu1ar.blogspot.com.ar/

I put this URL blog up on the SolderSmoke blog.  

Thanks to all who sent advice and encouragement.  Merry Christmas! 

--- On Sun, 12/23/12, lu1ar  wrote:

From: lu1ar
Subject: [BITX20] Re: JBOT taking off at 250 kHz
To: BITX20@yahoogroups.com
Date: Sunday, December 23, 2012, 9:56 PM

First. You must secure the RF decoupling of +B line. Use a bunch of small capacitors in paralell 1n and 100 nF with 22 uF electrolitic.
Second: Use 1Kohm resistor in paralell with primary of the transformers. Begin with the driver, then the 1st amplifier and then the output transformer.
Let us know results.
Regards.
Edgardo Maffia LU1AR
Buenos Aires - Argentina

--- In BITX20@yahoogroups.com, "iam74@..." wrote:
>
> 
> 
> --- In BITX20@yahoogroups.com, Bill Meara wrote:
> >
> > I'm building my FOURTH JBOT and this one is giving me more trouble than all the others combined.   I seek the help of the group. 
> > Here are the details of my tale of woe:
> > 20 meter rig.  Double Sideband.   The JBOT is fed by a simple two-diode, trifilar toroid singly balanced modulator.  NO DIPLEXER TO SPEAK OF.  At the output of the balanced modulator there is a 1000 uH choke to ground and a .001 uF cap to the input of the JBOT.  AF amp is an LM-386.  VXO is a very simple MPF-102 one stage ceramic resonator VXO with no buffer stage.  7 element low pass filter (three coils, four caps). 
> > All the transformers are wound on FT-37-43 cores.  T3 is four such cores stacked 2X2.
> >  
> > The arrangement works beautifully into a 50 ohm dummy load.  But as soon as I connect it to an antenna (a dipole out in the yard, fed with 50 ohm coax) the output signal gets ugly.  
> > Looking at it on the scope, instead of the nice figure eight pattern (similar to the two tone test pattern of SSB) I get ugly fuzzy outcroppings from the peaks.  Looking at the signal more closely I can see that in addition to the 14.2 Mhz signal, there is another LF oscillation at around 250 kHz. 
> > I've been struggling with this.  I can't get rid of the LF oscillations. The leads are all short and the inputs are far from the outputs.   I've beefed up shielding, and decoupling.  I've sacrificed a chicken to Papa Legba. Nothing seems to help.  
> > I THINK the feedback/oscillation is taking place in the JBOT itself -- not through the
> > audio amp or the balanced modulator or the VXO.
> > I watch the RF and the AF inputs to the balanced modulator to see if there is any difference between the stable situation (with the 50 ohm dummy load) and the unstable situation (with the antenna),  I don't see any differences. 
> > I even put an antenna tuner between the final and the antenna anb made sure that the antenna looks like 50 ohms non reactive.  This seems to help a bit, but the ugly instability is still there. 
> > Help me! 
> > 73  Bill N2CQR    
> >
> 

Our book: "SolderSmoke -- Global Adventures in Wireless Electronics" http://soldersmoke.com/book.htm Our coffee mugs, T-Shirts, bumper stickers: http://www.cafepress.com/SolderSmoke Our Book Store: http://astore.amazon.com/contracross-20

A Christmas Present from Argentina

There is an old saying in Spanish:  "No hay mal que por bien no venga."   More or less this is the same idea as: "Every dark cloud has a silver lining."  Well, the dark cloud was my techno-agony with the parasitic oscillations (see below).  The silver lining was the e-mail from Edgardo, LU1AR, in Buenos Aires that helped me get rid of them.    Edgardo advised putting a resistor across the primaries of the JBOT amplifier stages.  This is an old "lower the Q" trick, the idea being that lowering the Q might help prevent the amp from self-oscillating.     I used 680 ohm resistors.   First I put one across the primary of Q1.  No joy. Then Q2.  No luck.  Then I put one right across the primary of that big output transformer.  That did it!  The parasitics disappeared.   And I still get a nice 4 watts of output.  Thanks Edgardo.  I hope to make a contact with this rig today. 

The real silver lining in this story comes, however, in the form of Edgardo's blog site.  Wow, what an inspiring example of Argentinian Knack.  Radios, telescopes, auto-giros.  This guy is also into homebrew DSB rigs.  Wonderful stuff.  Check it out.  (Google will translate it for you, if necessary, but even if you don't read Spanish, the pictures tell most of the story.) 
http://www.lu1ar.blogspot.com.ar/
Thanks to all who sent advice and encouragement.  Merry Christmas! 

Our book: "SolderSmoke -- Global Adventures in Wireless Electronics" http://soldersmoke.com/book.htm Our coffee mugs, T-Shirts, bumper stickers: http://www.cafepress.com/SolderSmoke Our Book Store: http://astore.amazon.com/contracross-20

Woe is me! Why Podcast is Late: Parasitic Oscillations!

I'm building my FOURTH JBOT and this one is giving me more trouble than all the others combined.  
Here are the details of my tale of woe:
20 meter rig.  Double Sideband.   The JBOT is fed by a simple two-diode, trifilar toroid singly balanced modulator.  NO DIPLEXER TO SPEAK OF.  At the output of the balanced modulator there is a 1000 uH choke to ground and a .001 uF cap to the input of the JBOT.  AF amp is an LM-386.  VXO is a very simple MPF-102 one stage ceramic resonator VXO with no buffer stage.  7 element low pass filter (three coils, four caps). 
All the transformers are wound on FT-37-43 cores.  T3 is four such cores stacked 2X2.
 
The arrangement works beautifully into a 50 ohm dummy load.  But as soon as I connect it to an antenna (a dipole out in the yard, fed with 50 ohm coax) the output signal gets ugly.  
Looking at it on the scope, instead of the nice figure eight pattern (similar to the two tone test pattern of SSB) I get ugly fuzzy outcroppings from the peaks.  Looking at the signal more closely I can see that in addition to the 14.2 Mhz signal, there is another LF oscillation at around 250 kHz. 
I've been struggling with this.  I can't get rid of the LF oscillations. The leads are all short and the inputs are far from the outputs.   I've beefed up shielding, and decoupling.  I've sacrificed a chicken to Papa Legba. Nothing seems to help.  
I THINK the feedback/oscillation is taking place in the JBOT itself -- not through the
audio amp or the balanced modulator or the VXO.
I watch the RF and the AF inputs to the balanced modulator to see if there is any difference between the stable situation (with the 50 ohm dummy load) and the unstable situation (with the antenna),  I don't see any differences. 
I even put an antenna tuner between the final and the antenna anb made sure that the antenna looks like 50 ohms non reactive.  This seems to help a bit, but the ugly instability is still there. 
Help me! 
\

Our book: "SolderSmoke -- Global Adventures in Wireless Electronics" http://soldersmoke.com/book.htm Our coffee mugs, T-Shirts, bumper stickers: http://www.cafepress.com/SolderSmoke Our Book Store: http://astore.amazon.com/contracross-20

JBOT Thoughts

Posted today to the BITX-20 Group:

Good to see so many JBOTs under construction. I recently built two of them. Farhan has asked me to share with the group my experiences using -43 core toroids. Ironically, TV cores are a bit harder to find here, so I had to go with the fancier toroids!

In my first amp (used in a 17 meter DSB rig) I used the smaller FT-37-43 cores in all three transformers. T1 and T2 were wound and placed in the same way that Farhan did with the TV cores. For T3 I used superglue to stack 4 of the cores 2x2, then wrapped them with a bit of electrical tape. I wound T3 so the input wires were on one side and the output on the other. (On this amp, I had started out using some large binocular cores from the junk box, but I had a tough time getting the amp stable with these cores, possibly because using them resulted in longer lead lengths. So I went back to the smaller FT-37-43 cores).

In the second amp (used in a 17 meter SINGLE Sideband rig) I used FT-50-43 cores for T1 and T2. The bigger gores were a little easier to work with. I glued them vertically to the copper clad board. For T3, I again went with 4 FT-37-43 cores. (I tried using 4 FT-50-43 cores for T-3, but I found that output was low, so I went back to the smaller cores for T3). Note that on the second amp, I put some insulation between the heatsinks and the copper clad board (gorilla tape) -- I was worried about possible short to ground if the anodized layer on the heatsinks got breached.

In building my amps, I used the photo on Farhan's Phonestack page as my guide.

As is always the case with amps that I build, I found that a certain amount of "taming of the beast" had to take place before I got the devices stable. This is certainly the result of the kind of homebrew devices into which they are being inserted! Following advice from Doug DeMaw, I made liberal use of ferrite beads. I put one on the lead carrying 12 volts to the amp board. I put another on the lead from the 12 volt line to the final's RF choke. And I put one on the line carrying the .6 volt bias to the secondary center tap of T2.

I put a bit of shielding (copper-clad board) between the low pass filter and T3.

These steps allowed these amps to work nicely with my contraptions.

As long as we are talking about JBOTS, I have a question for the group:

On my second amp, I noticed that the output was a bit lower than it should have been -- only about 1.5 watts. I did a lot of troubleshooting, then I finally checked the bias currents in the first two stages. I found that BOTH were running at about 50 ma.

I looked at Farhan's JBOT notes and found that the second stage is supposed to be running at 100 ma. I found that the base bias voltage on the second stage was 1.13 volts, while the first stage had 1.9 volts on the base. That didn't seem right.

I then turned to the bias.exe program that comes with EMRFD. I plugged in the values from the JBOT schematic and, sure enough, the predicted collector bias current was 50 ma, not the 100ma the design was looking for.

Using that program, I made some changes to the base resistor in the second stage. I found that with 150 ohms instead of 100 ohms, the collector bias current goes up to the desired 100 ohms. This also seemed to bring power output up to the desired range of 3-4 watts (output should be a bit lower at 18 MHz, right?)

More info (and pictures) on my JBOT adventures can be found here:
http://soldersmoke.blogspot.com/search/label/JBOT

GOOD LUCK WITH YOUR JBOTS!

73 Bill N2CQR
http://soldersmoke.blogspot.com

Our book: "SolderSmoke -- Global Adventures in Wireless Electronics"http://soldersmoke.com/book.htmOur coffee mugs, T-Shirts, bumper stickers: http://www.cafepress.com/SolderSmokeOur Book Store: http://astore.amazon.com/contracross-20

The Knack, defined

Of course, our British cousins will have some problems with this. (We already have some lexicon problems there -- I can sense many of them wincing every time I say "SodderSmoke"!) But I'm sure they will be understanding here. And indeed, the Knack can sometimes leave you Knackered! (BTW: I currently have an annoying little soldering iron burn on the tip of my right finger.)

Hi Bill,

Maybe I'm not the first to think of these two words, but here goes:

Knacking v/n. as a noun, the act of artfully and cleverly designing, building from scratch, or repairing devices using, usually electronic in nature, specifically amateur radio related...not related to hacking As in: "My knacking was a success and I finally got my Drake 2B working on 30 meters" Somewhat redundant, since knacking IMPLIES extreme cleverness, knacking ALWAYS has a successful result, by definition!

as a verb (as in "Googling") to artfully and cleverly design, build, or repair a device, normally electronic in nature as in "I was knacking my JBOT amp yesterday and successfully added a new low pass filter" Implies high level of cleverness and determination and a modicum of luck


knacker n. one who artfully and cleverly designs, builds or repairs electronics, especially amateur radio related, implies high level of accomplishment and can be used by knackers to describe themselves without embarrassment or outright bragging. Knackers do not need formal training in electronics to fully qualify. Knackers always know who they are and can be identified by burn scars on their fingers from soldering accidents.

Keep your great blog and podcasts going.

73

Steve Silverman
KB3SII

Our book: "SolderSmoke -- Global Adventures in Wireless Electronics"http://soldersmoke.com/book.htmOur coffee mugs, T-Shirts, bumper stickers: http://www.cafepress.com/SolderSmokeOur Book Store: http://astore.amazon.com/contracross-20

My .02 KW Linear Amplifier

Once again, die-hard QRP guys should probably look away at this point...

My Cycle 23/Cycle 24 refurbishing project continues. The JBOT amplifier in the 17 meter SSB rig is now working nicely, but unfortunately just as I got ready to make some contacts, the Coronal Mass Ejection hit us and conditions on 17 deteriorated badly. Looking for something to do, I noticed that in some pictures of my old Azores station, sitting alongside the SSB transmitter there was a small cabinet with a QRO/QRP switch on the front panel. Ah yes! My Ramsey Kit linear amplifier! This is a MOSFET-based device. Mine was designed for 20, but I changed the low pass filter and put it on 17. Later, in Italy, it went on 20 meters and for some reason I went back to the 20 meter low pass filter.

Yesterday I blew the dust off this thing, pulled out the 20 meter LP filter and replaced it with a filter that will let my 17 meter RF reach the antenna. Today I fired it up. Wow! 20 Watts! Look out 17 meters!

I really like the QRO/QRP switch -- it gives me the opportunity to lean back and say (just like the big guns) "Wait a second Old Man, let me turn on my LINEAR!" I even have a little fan in the box that you can hear when I go to the QRO position. Unfortunately it doesn't make the lights flicker. But we can dream...

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Putting 17 Meter SSB Station On the Air

Magnificent, don't you think? The sun is rising over Northern Virginia, and 17 meters is starting to come alive. Yesterday I finished the tweaking and peaking of the JBOT amplifier for the transmitter. It is nice and stable now. (And yes, Steve, it has a low-pass filter!) On top of the transmitter cabinet is the receiver. It is a Barebones Superhet designed by Doug DeMaw and built on a FAR circuit board by Dale Parfitt, W4OP. I changed it to 17 meters and broadened the filter response for use on SSB. Both the transmitter and the receiver use variable crystal oscillators, with two crystals in each (switch-able from the front panels). The frequency coverage of of the transmitter and the receiver match up fairly well (good thing!). Wish me luck! Today I will venture forth amidst the coronal mass ejections and try to make a few SSB contacts on good-ol' 17.

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Toroidal Transformers: Does Size Matter?

I continue to tweak and peak the JBOT amplifier in the Azores 17 SSB transmitter. On this version I used some FT-50-43 toroidal cores instead of the smaller FT-37-43 cores recommended by Farhan. This morning I was experimenting with the output transformer. I seem to get noticeably more output with a transformer made with four FT-37-43 cores than I do with one made with four larger FT-50-43 cores.

I noticed something similar on my previous JBOT: performance improved when I switched from some relatively large binocular cores and went to the recommended FT-37-43.

So, what do you guys think? Could there be lower losses using the smaller cores? Any other reason why the smaller transformers seem to be doing better?

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JBOT Installed in Azores 17 Meter SSB Rig

Even though one of their Coronal Mass Ejections is due to hit us soon, the radio gods have been quite kind to me this morning. I installed the JBOT amplifier board in the 17 meter SSB transmitter that I had built out in the Azores during the last solar cycle. The board went in without any trouble. And I was a very surprised when it DIDN'T break into oscillation and instability! Holy Cow! This one was stable from the start! Even when connected to my antenna! Eureka!

The rig still needs some peaking and tweaking. I'm only getting about 2-3 watts out and I should be getting 4-5. I did a quick and dirty "by ear" alignment --- I just listened to my own signal with my trusty Drake 2-B and moved the carrier oscillator freq around a bit until the SSB audio sounded good (you never have to do that with DSB!).

For those of you not familiar with this rig, here is some background:
-- Built on the chassis of an old Heath DX-40
-- Crystal filter at 5.174 MHz. Filter rocks and carrier oscillator rocks from an old Swan 240 I picked up in the Dominican Republic from Pericles Perdomo HI8P (SK).
-- Based on a design published in SPRAT by Frank Lee, G3YCC (SK).
--Heterodyne oscillator is a G3RJV Universal VXO circuit running at around 23.3 MHz.
-- That orange cord to the big meter that you are no doubt wondering about is just a little circuit that monitors total current drawn by the rig. It bounces up and down as I talk. I put it in there mostly because I wanted to make use of a beautiful old Simpson meter that I picked up in 1973 at the Crystal Radio Club (W2DMC) in Valley Cottage, New York.

Going around, clockwise from below the meter: G3RJV VXO, carrier oscillator and two diode balanced modulator board, crystal filter (with NE602 mixer and post-filter bandpass filter to the left), JBOT PA. Audio amp (using op amp) below the chassis. T/R relay in the center (antenna changeover relay below the chassis).

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Another JBOT Amplifier

Over the weekend I built another JBOT 5 watt linear amplifier (design by Farhan). I used a nice piece of copper-clad board that Dave, W8NF, sent me (thanks again Dave).

This time I chickened out regarding the possible conductivity of the anodized heat sinks. I didn't have any trouble with this on my first JBOT, but I worried that if the anodized layer gets flaked away, a heat sink might short one of those collectors to ground. To be on the safe side, I put small squares of Gorilla Tape on under the heat sinks. (PLEASE don't tell me that Gorilla Tape is conductive!)

For T1 and T2 I used FT50-43 toroids instead of the TV baluns used by Farhan. He had recommended FT37-43's as an alternative to the TV baluns, but I went with the slightly larger toroids. For T3 I rolled my own binocular core using four FT37-43 toroids stacked 2X2.

The amplifier has passed the smoke test. Next I have to put in the low pass filter (Steve Smith: Please note that I have left space on the board for the filter.) Then this version will face its real test when it goes into the 17 meter Azores SINGLE sideband rig.

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Sunspots: As Good As It's Going to Get

The good news is that conditions are not a lot better than they have been. The bad news is that they won't be getting much better. But take heart guys: the next few years should be pretty good. Now is the time to get those rigs and antennas for the upper HF bands in shape. Construction of a second 17 meter JBOT amplifier begins today (this one for the Azores SSB transmitter).

Our book: "SolderSmoke -- Global Adventures in Wireless Electronics"http://soldersmoke.com/book.htmOur coffee mugs, T-Shirts, bumper stickers: http://www.cafepress.com/SolderSmokeOur Book Store: http://astore.amazon.com/contracross-20

Homebrew Hero: Ashhar Farhan, VU2ESE

I wanted to start off 2012 with something inspirational, and here it is: Ashhar Farhan's work bench. I was visiting his site yesterday and found lots of good info, good humor and, indeed, inspiration. Be sure to check out his RF generator project. And the page that gives his thought on tools and test gear. All of it is wonderful -- you'll find lots of evidence of Farhan's long-term case of The Knack, his efforts to put "soul into his new machines" (his kids are mentioned frequently in his descriptions of his projects), and his obvious qualification for membership in the International Brotherhood of Electronic Wizards. I really like Farhan's efforts to design rigs that can be built with parts available all around the world -- a JBOT amp of his design is percolating nicely in my 17 meter DSB rig, and has been crossing the Atlantic almost every day.

As we were throwing a football around yesterday, I told Billy about Farhan. I mentioned that he lives in Hyderabad -- Billy thinks that's one of coolest city names on the planet and plans to work it into the plot of a novel he is working on.

Here is the site: http://www.phonestack.com/farhan/

Three cheers for Farhan! Happy New Year to all!

Our book: "SolderSmoke -- Global Adventures in Wireless Electronics"http://soldersmoke.com/book.htmOur coffee mugs, T-Shirts, bumper stickers: http://www.cafepress.com/SolderSmokeOur Book Store: http://astore.amazon.com/contracross-20

DSB QRP DX on 17

The solar flux index is now above 131 and the effects are very apparent on 17 meters. (I will pull out the telescope this morning to get some direct confirmation of improved solar conditions!) This morning I worked Daniel, F5BBD, with my little DSB rig with the 5 watt JBOT amplifier. Very solid contact. He gave me a 55. I hear Japanese stations in the evening. And I am hearing guys on 17 who I haven't heard since the last solar cycle: My friend Chris SM0OWX seems to be right where he was when we last spoke.

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