First 10 Meter AM Contact from Hi7/N2CQR

I threw this in the bag on the way to the DR, almost as an afterthought.  But I am glad I did.  Today, watching reports on my 10 meter CW beacon (Mike WN2A provided the keyer),  I noticed that my signal was unusually strong.  At W3POA I was 7 db above the noise.  At DF2CK I was 4 db above the noise.  So I switched to the 10 meter AM rig (which is a converted GE brand CB rig) and worked John G3YPZ (see video above).   I was running about 5 watts to a quarter wave vertical.  But the signal reached the UK. 

Here are some details on my rig: 

https://soldersmoke.blogspot.com/2025/01/looking-for-contacts-on-10-meter-am.html

And https://soldersmoke.blogspot.com/2023/11/bill-n2cqr-goes-citizen-band.html

Thanks John!  

Fireball (Meteor) Over the Dominican Republic

Click on the link below to see the video

https://www.tiktok.com/@william.de.jesus01/video/7464040455185993002

I had been telling Mike WN2A how I had put a little red LED on my beacon (he gave me the keying hardware) and that I was hoping to put the LED in the window of my 7th floor shack.  I want it to serve as a kind of CW "lighthouse." We are, after all, close to the ocean.  I thought it would be cool.  Last night, soon after sunset, Elisa and I went out to walk the dog and to look a my little light.  

Well, as expected my little light was too small.  But HOLY COW,  it had us looking in exactly the right direction at exactly the right moment.  At 7:09 pm on January 25, 2025 a very bright, green, long-lasting fireball streaked across the sky from North to South (the guy in the clip above got the direction wrong).  It was throwing off fragments.  One kid in the neighborhood saw it.  And soon Instagram lit up (!) with reports and videos.  I filed a report with the International Meteor Organization: https://fireball.imo.net/members/imo_view/event/2025/516  It was all very cool.  The tiktok clip (above) has a collection of some of the best shots.  Just click on the link below the picture.  

I hadn't seen one of these since March 1995 (I was in the Dominican Republic then too!):  

7 MARCH 95 EVENING: POSTED ON CIS:

Also observed a pretty spectacular fireball in the North (near Polaris) at about 2330. So bright I thought it was a skyrocket. Very slow moving looking like pieces falling off it.

SolderSmoke Direct Conversion Challenge The Mixer and Diplexer

SolderSmoke Challenge – Direct Conversion Receiver – the Mixer

 

The mixer is the heart of the direct conversion receiver.  It’s the circuit that makes a receiver a receiver.  It takes the RF from the antenna and mixes it with the local oscillator to extract the audio.  In this video, Dean, KK4DAS walks us through the design, build and testing of the double balanced diode ring mixer we chose for the SolderSmoke Challenge DCR.  He also explores some of the myths, legends, and lore around mixer design.  If you are not yet convinced, we can make an effective receiver with just four simple boards you definitely want to watch this vido to the end. Mixers have been a passion (some say obsession) of mine for a long time.  If you search for “mixer” on the SolderSmoke blog you will find many postings over the years.   Whenever I want to learn more about some RF circuit or other I always turn to Alan Wolke, W2AEW’s excellent YouTube video series.   In the video linked below Alan does an excellent job of explaining mixer theory and demonstrating how the switching action of the diodes produces the sum and difference frequencies.

 

Related links:

 

Alan Wolke, W2AEW - YouTube Video #167:

How a Diode Ring Mixer works | Mixer operation theory and measurement

https://youtu.be/junuEwmQVQ8?si=zinwuz9FcBDbUXM6

 

SolderSmoke Blog on Mixers:

https://soldersmoke.blogspot.com/2022/10/how-diode-ring-multiplies-by-1-and-1.html

 

Join the discussion - SolderSmoke Discord Server:

https://discord.gg/Fu6B7yGxx2

 

Documentation on Hackaday:

https://hackaday.io/project/190327-high-schoolers-build-a-radio-receiver

 

SolderSmoke YouTube channel:

https://www.youtube.com/@soldersmoke

 

SolderSmoke blog DCR posts:

https://soldersmoke.blogspot.com/search/label/TJ%20DC%20RX

 

 

A Tale of Woe from Mike WU2D, PLUS: The Importance of Band Noise

It was so cool to watch master homebrewer Mike WU2D candidly describe his error (tale of woe) made while building the Simple X Super receiver.  

It was also great to see his joy in hearing the band noise.  Watch his glee as the noise jumps up when he connects the antenna.  "That's the good stuff!"  Indeed it is.  So many younger builders see noise -- all noise -- as a bug not a feature.  Mike obviously sees it as a feature:  Thunderstorms in Brazil!  The weed-whacker down the street!  Remants of the Big Bang!  Hearing this stuff lets us know that the machine we have built is alive, and is inhaling the universe.  

Thanks Mike. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T_Mz9HljCys

 

SolderSmoke Direct Conversion Receiver Challenge -- Soldering!

The DCR challenge is going well, and we have several builders making good progress.  We noticed that some first-time builders are having a little trouble with soldering. Cold or weak solder joints are the bane of the of the homebrew builder’s existence.   It happens to all of us.  A board that was working fine suddenly is not working – you poke around and touch some part and the board springs to life – you just found a cold solder joint.  Dean, KK4DAS put together a short bonus video just on soldering.  He covers the tools you need for a basic soldering station, and step-by-step instructions for reliable soldering Manhattan Style.

No Bunching Up! It is Possible to Achieve Dial Linearity (and Stability) with an LC VFO

One of the major complaints about LC VFOs is that they allegedly cause "non-linear tuning."  Essentially, this complaint claims that you will inevitably end up with your frequencies all "bunched up" at one end of the tuning range, with frequencies greatly "spread out" at the other end. BUT WE HAVE FOUND THAT THIS IS NOT NECESARILY TRUE.  With a bit of careful design work, you can avoid the dreaded "bunching up."  I have used the calculator in Bob's Electron Bunker to DESIGN VFOs that do not "bunch up" the frequencies.  

Recently, Mike WU2D built a version of the Simple X Super receiver.  It has a VFO in the 5 - 6 MHz range.  And guess what?  There is NO bunching up of frequencies. As proof, I present the tuning dial that Mike made for his completed receiver.  See above.  Note the nice linear tuning.   

So you see, success in this area is possible -- all it takes is some careful design work. 

Similar results are possible with the other major allegation about LC VFOs:  That they are inherently and irreparbly unstable.  Proponents of this theory would have you believe that only by the use of an Si5351 (or something similarly digital) is stability possible.  Again, NOT TRUE!  It is possible to make LC oscillators that are stable.  All it takes is careful design and good construction practices. 

SolderSmoke Direct Conversion Receiver Project -- Video #2 -- Building the PTO/VFO

The response to the SolderSmoke DCR challenge has been terrific -with nearly 7,000 views of the first episode!  Thanks so much for checking it out.  The goal is to convince you that you can build your own receiver and then go get you started on Homebrew ham radio.  We already have confirmation that it can be done!  Congratulations to Peter, VK3PTM and Matthew, KY4EOD who have both completed the receiver.  The boards look good and, even better, they sound great.   Videos and descriptions are here on the blog and on the SolderSmoke Discord sever.   Speaking of the Discord server, we already have a very robust conversation going,  It’s a great place to give feedback and to get your questions answered. Builders are helping builders and we at SolderSmoke are trying to answer as many of your questions as we can.  This is a beginner’s project, so all are welcome.

 

In episode 2 of the SolderSmoke Direct Conversion Receiver challenge we tackle the PTO.  We discuss a bit of the theory, walk through the schematic, and take you step-by-step through building and testing the oscillator and buffert.  By the time we are done we will have achieved JOO!  (the Joy of Oscillation).  And when you build it you will be 1/4^th of the way to having build your own 40 meter receiver.

 

 

Links:

 

Join the discussion - SolderSmoke Discord Server

https://discord.gg/Fu6B7yGxx2

 

Documentation on Hackaday

https://hackaday.io/project/190327-high-schoolers-build-a-radio-receiver

 

SolderSmoke YouTube channel

https://www.youtube.com/@soldersmoke

 

SolderSmoke blog

https://soldersmoke.blogspot.com/search/label/TJ%20DC%20RX

SolderSmoke Direct Conversion Receiver Project: The Input to the Mixer from the VFO -- How Much Is Enough?

I was asked to post some pictures of how the input from the VFO (from the J-310) to the diode ring mixer looks.  The picture above is the VFO output across a 47 ohm resistor to ground through the .1 uf cap to the drain of the J-310.  The mixer is NOT connected.   The question is: Is this enough VFO signal?   

Realize that the VFO is just turning the diodes on and off at the VFO rate.  See this page for more details: 

https://soldersmoke.blogspot.com/2020/11/diode-ring-magic.html

Look carefully at the scope pattern and at the diagram.  Also look at Alan Wolke W2AEW's excellent video (URL in the above post).  You will see the importance of the VFO turning on and off the diodes.  This is how the diode ring multiplies by 1 and -1.  This is how mixing happens.  This is how audio is produced.  

Now, back to the question:  Is the output we see above "enough."   We can check to see if the VFO is turning on and off the diodes by reconnecting the mixer to the VFO and looking again at the mixer's VFO input port (with no resistor connected).  This is what I see when I do this: 

Here you can see the diodes being switched on and off on the peaks of the VFO voltage.  That is the flat topping you see.  It looks to me as if this is enough. And indeed I have no problem hearing down to the band noise (I can hear an increase in the hiss when I connect the antenna) and I can hear plenty of CW, FT-8 and LSB signals.  I am using ordinary 1N4148 silicon diodes.  

Often we hear manufacturers say that their mixer (like the SBL-1) needs 7 dbm (about 1.4519 V peak to peak across 50 ohms) input from the VFO.  But I think that is just for the SBL-1.  Ours is a homebrew diode ring.  It is, I think, different. So it might not NEED 7 dbm.  In fact, look at the voltage level differences:  Across the 50 ohm resistor we see 504 mV p-p.  But with the diode ring connected we see 1.5 V p-p.  This implies that the LO port input impedance is not 50 ohm, but is probably around 150 ohms.  Indeed when I put a 150 ohm resistor across the output of the VFO (no mixer connected) I measured aroung 1.4 V p-p 

Bottom line:  Just make sure your VFO is turning the diodes on and off. 

Looking for Contacts on 10 meter AM from the Dominican Republic -- 29.005 MHz AM

I was listening to the Old Military Radio Net this morning and I heard Tim WA1HLR talking about some contacts that he had made on 10 meters, near 29 MHz.  So I pulled my modified CB rig off the shelf, connected a power supply and my 10 meter vertical, and began to listen.  Soon I heard CQs!  One from G4ITR and then one from  G4VZR.  I now have high hopes for at least one QSO.  So please, point those ten meter beams at the Dominican Republic and give me a call.  I am on 29.005 Mhz.  

73  Bill HI7/N2CQR

Ugly and Manhattan Construction from Popcorn Electronics

Todd (oops, I mean Vasily) has a really nice video on Ugly and Manhattan construction techniques on his re-born Popcorn Electronics site.  See above for the video.  The site's URL is https://qrp-popcorn.blogspot.com/

Some people apparently dislike these techniques.  To each his own, but I like the Manhattan method.  In fact, in the SolderSmoke Direct Conversion project, we are recommending the use of Manhattan circuit board tecniques.  With Manhattan, you get a lot flexibility.  At one  point, for example, the High School students told us that they had forgotten to put a needed pad on the board.  No problem!  Just glue in a new one.  Or if you put in one too many, just take one off.  

You also keep all the circuitry and all the connections on one side of the board.  This facilitates repair or modification.  This kind of thing is not so easy when you have components on one side of the board and the connections on the other side.  You spend a lot of time flipping boards over, breaking wires,  trying to remember what goes where.  Also, because the pads push the connections a couple of millimeters above the ground plane, I find that Manhattan technique actually reduces the chances for an accidental short to ground. 

There has been some discussion of where the term "Manhattan style" comes from.  Having been born on Manhattan island, I too wonder about the origin of the term.  Some see it as the result of the grid pattern (like Manhatten's street grid) that results from the rectangular or square pads that are often used.  Others point to the vertical parts placement that we see when looking at a board from the side -- the parts look like the skyline of Manhattan.   Either explanation, I think, works.  

Here is a Manhattan-style board I recently built in the Dominican Republic for my homebrew 15-10 meter SSB transceiver. I couldn't find any Gorilla glue here, so I went with Loctite Coqui. Same stuff.   Latin American super glue! 

The 10 meter Beacon at HI7/N2CQR (and reception reports)

Above is the 10 Meter beacon at HI7/N2CQR.

The first one to hear the beacon was Dean KK4DAS in Northern Virginia, within hours of it going on the air. Here is Dean's recording of what he saw and heard:

Later, Mike WN2A heard it. Pete N6QW in California may have heard it too. A number of stations are reporting reception via the Reverse Beacon Network (RBN): It is being picked up almost daily (gray-line?) by Rico DF2CK who has an amazing station in Germany. K1RA in Warrenton Virginia (also an amazing receive set-up) is also picking up the station. W3OA in North Carolina is also hearing it and reporting by RBN. TI7W in Costa Rica has also heard it. Sadly, RBN is kind of clunky with beacons -- it seems to obstinately insist that I am in Northern Virginia.

Rico DF2CK writes:

Hi Bill,

thanks for info. 3 Watt can be loud on 10 if condx are good :)

The west direction skimmer setup on 10 m is a 6 el Yagi into a SDR with
AD9255 adc and XC7Z020 fpga.
A design by Pavel Demin which I am testing for a while now.

Enjoy the Caribean, here its minus 2 C and boot high snow.

73, Rico
DF2CK

Check out Rico's amazing station here: http://df2ck.de/

Andy K1RA wrote from Warrenton (Northern Virginia): 

Hi Bill

  Cool on spotting your beacon.  With good conditions I'm surprised you're not being heard elsewhere.

  I'm running a multi-band, multi-mode skimmer for CW, FT8, FT4, WSPR & JS8CALL continuously and simultaneously covering 160m-6m, 24x7 with Redpitaya SDRs and KiwiSDR/RaspSDRs

https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/1NPwjQe1am2Ym5GMV8L2V8fnQ_W9J0EbH/edit?usp=sharing&ouid=103988113912782027869&rtpof=true&sd=true

15 minute map view through PSKreporter here:

https://pskreporter.info/pskmap.html?preset&callsign=k1ra&timerange=900&hideunrec=1&blankifnone=1&hidepink=1

73 & good DX'ing!

andyz - K1RA

Shock and Awe: The Story of Electricity --- Wonderful Video by Jim Al-Khalili (sent to us by Ashish N6ASD)

From Ashish N6ASD -- Oil Lamps and Electronics

Here is the link to the video: 

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Gtp51eZkwoI

First, thanks to Ashish Derhwagen N6ASD for alerting me to this video.  You should all check out his blog. 

This is a really important video.  It is the best I have seen about the history of electricity and electronics.  It is from 2011, but it is still very good. Jim Al-Khalili travels through the world and displays the actual devices developed by the likes of Heinrick Herz,  Guglielmo Marconi, and Jagadish Chandra Bose.  There is great discussion of Benjamin Franklin, Volta and Galvani.  The role of electricity in The Enlightment is discussed.

  

Jim talks about the early transatlantic cables, and why some of them didn't work. 

We see Jagadish Chandra Bose developing early point-contact semiconductors (because the iron filings of coherers tended to rust in the humid climate of Calcutta!) 

There is a video of Oliver Lodge making a speech.   There is a flip card video of William Crookes (one of the inventors of the cathode ray tube and the originator of the Crooke's cross).  

We see actual coherers.  

There is simply too much in this video for me to adequately summarize here.  Watch the series.  Watch it in chunks if you must.  But watch it.  It is really great.  

Thanks Ashish.  And thanks to Jim Al-Khalili.  

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Gtp51eZkwoI