Antuino Mods and Updates from Farhan

Both messages from the BITX20.io email group.

26 July 2019  

Peeps:

The Antuino has been in use for over a few months now. We had produced 100 of them that were sold at the FDIM. These work quite well for an SWR meter and Antenna Analyzer, but they were sub-optimal for serious RF work. For those who bought it for SWR measurements, you can continue to use it. For those who want to improve it, read on.

It was noticed that the db scale was not accurate. Antuino was designed to be an accurate and precise instrument. The db readings should be within +/- 1 db accuracy. However, they tended to vary by as much as 2 db on the upper range of power measurments. This was finally tracked down to having too much gain. I had prototyped the original with 2N3904 transistors but in production we used BFR93W as I guessed it would have 'better' performance. It turned to be a bad choice. The higher gain resulted in compression of signals above -30 dbm. This restricted the useful range of the Antuino to about 50 db. 

I am attaching the new (Version 2.1, it is a minor edit of the V2 that was sold at the FDIM). In summary, these are the changes:

1. The new software with a cleaner way to calibrate is on https://github.com/afarhan/antuinov2.1. Please upgrade to it even if you don't want to carry out the other hardware modifications.

2. Replace the Q1 and Q3 transistors to 2N3904. Although the PCB pads are SMT, you can solder the leaded type by twisting the legs around.

3. In the first IF amplifier (that immediately follows the mixer), we decrease the emitter resistor (R18) from 100 ohms to 51 ohms (you can also parallel a regular 1/4 watt 100 ohms with the original 100 ohms to get to 51 ohms). We also parallel the (R19) 220 ohms collector load with a 10 uh inductor (you can use 10 turns on FT 37-43), the exact value is not important.

4. In the second and third IF amplifiers, we replace the 100 ohms emitter resistors (R7, R34) with 10 ohms and remove the 4.7 ohm resistors (R32, R4).

5. In the last IF amplifier, we change the load resistor(R33) from 51 ohms to 220 ohms.

You need a few 10 ohms resistors and a 220 ohm resistor. You can resuse the R31 at R18.

I have detailed the modifications at http://www.hfsignals.com/index.php/2019/07/26/modifications-to-the-daytonfdim-2019-antuino/

Attached are the images and the circuit.

73, f 

_._,_._,_

---

August 3, 2019

Every instrument has limits on its accuracy. While making the Antuino, I was well aware of its deficiencies. 

I made a decision to keep it simple to a point where a radio ham could throw this thing together in an evening or two.

In order to overcome the limitations inherent in the Antuino design, the complexity could have been prohibitively complicated and expensive.

On the other hand, it is an extremely useful instrument that grows on you. I no longer use a frequency counter or the specan. I rarely use the oscilloscope. Antuino does most of my measurements.

There are two very important things you must be aware of while using the Antuino :

1. In the power measurement mode (the problem is non existent on swr or sweep mode), any reading above 25 mhz could be an image. Thus, if you see something at 35 mhz, you will have to do some mental math to figure out if it is not an image. An easy way to know is to add an external low pass filter with 25 mhz cutoff.

You have to use it like a radio in this mode. If you want to measure the harmonics from your pixie radio with 7040 crystal, tune to 14080, 21120, 28160 and measure. It is as accurate as any spectrum analyzer with more than 80 db of usable bandwidth. Raj and I struggled to get this for a month.

2. Unlike a full fledged spectrum analyzer, Antuino has just one bandwidth of about 7 KHz. This is enough to made IMD measurements at 20 KHz tone separation. The sweep plot does only 128 readings. Thus, if  you sweep a low pass filter from 0 to 20 mhz, it will measure the filter response every 120 khz. If there is something lurking between the steps, it will miss it. This is a common challenge with spectrum analyzers. So, a crystal filter should be swept at less than 100 khz. 

There is a software hack to mitigate this. First : introduce another control for step size. This can slow down the plot. A 30 Mhz sweep at 5 khz steps will involve 30 x 200 =60000 readings.It could take minutes. The Second : write a more optimal Si5351 routine that changes frequencies faster. I know that smaller jumps can be instantaneous on Si5351. I don't know that hack. If someone wants to take a stab at it, I am willing to work with them.

In a nutshell, Antuino is a very useful instrument. You don't have to buy it. You can build it. It is just as challenging as a direct conversion receiver. It does a fabulous job though. It can measure oscillator frequencies, it can measure amplifier gain, distortion, frequency response, it can measure filter response, it can show mixer behaviour, it can tune your antenna, it can measure power from a few uV to 100 mv and more with attenuators. It does all this slowly but surely. Like any precision tool, you must know its limitations and use them as an aware user. I would wager that if you have to choose just instrument for your lab, it would be this; Apart from a DVM.

And (I repeat) don't buy it, build it (grin)

- f

LightSail 2 Rides to a Higher Orbit, Propelled by Photons from the Sun

Success!  Congratulations to the Planetary Society.  Amazing achievement.  

http://www.planetary.org/blogs/jason-davis/lightsail-2-successful-flight-by-light.html

Pete N6QW's Three Dozen (AT LEAST THREE DOZEN!) Homebrew Rigs

In our last podcast I was saying how Pete's many, many analog homebrew transceivers have earned him the right to shift into the digital world.   Incredibly, someone chose to question Pete's credentials in this area.  Troll!  Pete's blog has pictures of many of the rigs.  It is quite inspirational.  Check it out: 

http://n6qw.blogspot.com/2019/07/what-difference-one-letter-doth-make.html

N8NM's Homebrew Stereo

https://n8nmsteve.blogspot.com/2019/07/a-homebrew-stereo-for-shack.html

Excellent work Steve.   You are right -- lugging something around for 30 years does create an obligation to put it to good use.  FB.  Love the cakepan.  And the multiplexer chip.  And above all THE JEWELED LENS.  

Walter KA4KXX Operates his FB Al-Fresco HB Scratch-Built BITX 75 (Video)

Dear Bill N2CQR:

For your amusement, the attached video (from 2:20 - 3:40) shows

me operating portable at a tailgate event using my second

scratch-built  BITX, with this one running 45W on 75M. 

Features include analog VFO, a 16-pin LM380 with all ground

pins heat-sinked for powerful audio, and 3-transistor uBITX-type

low-level RF amps.  The 8-crystal filter is also like the uBITX design

but at an 11 MHz IF.  The microphone amp is a 741 Op Amp which I

believe has better gain, gain adjustability, and frequency response than 

any of the transistor designs. The transmit adjustable driver amp is adapted from the FET 

circuit used in the Wee Willy.  The Transmit LPF is hard-wired to the antenna connector 

for simplification and to minimize RF losses, so in receive mode the single relay in the rig 

connects the receive section in parallel, which causes some signal loss, but not much. 

Finally, and most notably, I believe that my RF Power Amp is the only one in the world to use 

model airplane engine mufflers as heat sink cores...

72,

Walter

KA4KXX

Orlando, FL     

Fish Soup 10 QRP Transceiver in Action on 40

I took this quick video during a QSO on July 20, 2019 with Ed K3VA in Philadelphia on 40 meters.  Note: Plenty of of audio from the Herring Aid 5 -- no additional amplification in the speaker. 

Drake 2-B "The most talked about HAM RECEIVER"

Thanks to K9YA

Light Sail 2 Successfully Deploys Its Solar Sail

Congratulations to the Planetary Society. 

https://techcrunch.com/2019/07/23/the-planetary-societys-crowdfunded-lightsail-2-deploys-its-solar-sail-in-orbit/

Making Fish Soup from Herring and Tuna (How to Build a Fish Soup 10 Transceiver)

Just in case some other fanatic someday thinks about trying to turn a Herring Aid 5 and a Tuna Tin 2 into a Fish Soup 10. This will also serve as a note to myself on how I did this.  Above are my suggestions on how to get the VFO signal into the transmitter and the receiver.  Both RX and TX can easily be returned to their original condition. 

A Frequency Readout for the Fish Soup 10 (with cool BLUE numerals)

Note the cool BLUE numerals.  They represent 7040, 7050, 7060, 7070.  The little black "pointer" is from a power cord wall fastener.  My tuning cap has a nice reduction drive -- the pointer follows the movement of the capacitor blades.  The VFO is very stable. 

Simplicity is a virtue.  CW is, I think, outmoded and kind of absurd (one letter at a time?  really?), but it does allow for extreme simplicity.  Using a rig with just 10 transistors, putting out half a watt of RF,  I am regularly communicating with people.  This is what I like about CW.   

I've had about 12 solid contacts with this rig since putting it on the air earlier this month.  The VFO was a huge improvement over being crystal controlled. Crystal control was OK back when receivers were broad and hams tuned around for replies, but those days are gone.  Getting the transmit offset set correctly was another huge improvement. 

From Bill's Apollo 11 Scrapbook

From the Apollo 11 scrapbook I made back in '69. I got the date for the moonwalk wrong. But hey, I was only 10 years old.

Video of Fish Soup 10 QSO (from N3MLB)

So cool.  During our QSO on 40 Meter CW today, N3MLB recorded it and put it on YouTube.  This is what my 500 milliwatt Fish Soup 10 rig sounds like in Pennsylvania. Thanks a lot Chris. 



From Chris's QRZ.com page: 

The "Fish Soup 10" Homebrew QRP CW Transceiver

The box with the two grey knobs on the left is the Herring Aid 5, the receiver that took me 38 years to complete. The box on the right is a VFO I originally built for my first BITX40Module -- it started out around 4 Mhz but I pulled turns off the coil until it was in the 40M CW band.  The Altoids in near center has the buffers -- a 40673 MOSFET and a 2n3904 BJT. The box in the back holds the Tuna Tin 2.  There the oscillator has been reconfigured as an amp.  A relay switches the output from the buffers between the receiver and the transmitter.  That big switch in the center switches the antenna and the 12 V for T/R.  The circular black thing is piezo buzzer used for CW sidetone -- I have it glued to the board upside down to keep the volume down. 

The whole thing is mounted on a kitchen cutting board.  A breadboard! 

The most difficult part of all this was getting the needed 800 Hz drop in TX freq on transmit.  You need to do this with a rig like this or else you won't be in the other fellow's passband.  I did a lot of cut and try -- in the end I put a 5 pf cap across the coupling cap from VFO to buffer.  This 5 pf cap switches in on transmit via a small relay.   It works.  I just spoke to N8AFT out in Columbus, Ohio and I was in his passband.  

So five transistors in the receiver, two in the transmitter and three in the VFO/Buffer. So it is the  Fish Soup 10.  

It puts out about half a watt.  On CW.   I am feeling virtuous and vaguely superior. I've made several more contacts.  It all works very well and is a lot of fun. 

Feedback on QSOs -- Listeners are Listening

On opposite coasts and with rigs at opposite ends of the technology spectrum, Pete and I have been putting new homebrew rigs on the air.  I'm working on a QRPp transceiver using 10 transistors.  Pete is working on an SDR rig that must use, what?,  thousands or millions of transistors.  

We've both been getting nice feedback, often from SolderSmoke podcast listeners.  Above you can see my 8 July notes on a contact with K3QP.   I was running about 1/2 watt, crystal control, from the Fish Soup 7 combo rig. 

---------------------------------

In an earlier post I mentioned Pete's success in working coast-to-coast on 40 SSB with his homebrew SDR RADIG.  Turns out that someone in St. Louis heard the contact: 

From: Steve 
Sent: Saturday, July 13, 2019 6:16 PM
To: Pete
Subject: Friday QSO

Hi Pete

Heard your QSO to Virginia last evening. Conditions were rough but could hear good enough. I’m located west of St Louis and was outside portable with KX2 and wires tossed in a couple trees. Tried to tail end but of course my signal was not good for you in California.

I really am amazed at the work you put into your projects, websites, and podcast. Can’t thank you enough. Please keep it up.

I worked at McAir in St Louis and spent many hours in the MDEC building St Charles. That was in the late 80s.

Steve

K0SAM

----------------------------------

Finally, earlier in July I had a contact with K1PUG.   Someone north of the border heard us: 

On Sunday, July 7, 2019, 01:17:47 PM EDT, Dave  wrote:

I heard your QSO with Hank K1PUG at my cottage in Canada (FN15ac) this morning. I wondered why you were so faint (since I had been getting good reports with 5W into your area) but when I read this morning’s entry in SolderSmoke, and saw you were 750mW, all became clear.

73,

Dave KM6CPF / VA3NIA

N6QW goes Coast-to-Coast with HB SDR RADIG

From: Frank
Sent: Saturday, July 13, 2019 6:55 AM
To: Pete Juliano
Subject: Re: 40M QSO with N6QW

GM Pete 

Yes fun QSO last night. You did have a great signal and excellent audio from your HB SDR .

Lots of great info on your website. 

I am enjoying my wire beams.  I have two five element wire beams mounted end to end beaming Europe that I get on that direction a lot. I'm planning to get an Array Solutions StackMatch soon that will help my signal even more.

Keep up the good work with the SDR rigs Pete.

I look forward to our next QSO. 

73

Frank WA3RSL 

On Jul 13, 2019 9:42 AM, "Pete Juliano" wrote: 

Hi Frank,

Last night was the first coast to coast QSO with my homebrew SDR Transceiver. Thanks for the signal report and the comments on the signal.

This has been a fun project and my main band of operation these days is 40M. I have the capability to put the SDR on 75 as well as 20M. The second prototype (now in work) will use plug in coils for those two bands. It is simply amazing what can be done with a $35  computer.

I have several websites but one has been dedicated to SDR and there is more documentation about the SDR project.

http://www.n6qwradiogenius.us

Thanks again and at times you hit 15/9. Nice radio and nice antennas.

73’s

Pete N6QW

Chinese Micro-Satellite Photographs Eclipse -- FROM THE MOON

Back in October 2018 I posted about this Chinese satellite: 

https://soldersmoke.blogspot.com/2018/10/chinese-amateur-satellites-orbiting.html 

From:https://www.newsnation.in/science-news/chinas-lunar-orbiter-captures-epic-images-of-earth-during-solar-eclipse-article-229818.html  :

According to report by Xinhua, a microsatellite developed by the Harbin Institute of Technology in northeast China's Heilongjiang Province, which is now orbiting the moon, captured mesmerizing photos of Earth during the solar eclipse in the early hours of Wednesday (Beijing time).

It is to be noted that the microsatellite, weighing 47 kg and named Longjiang-2, was sent into space on May 21 last year, along with the Chang'e-4 lunar probe's relay satellite dubbed as "Queqiao" and entered lunar orbit four days later.

According to the research team from the Harbin Institute of Technology, the microsatellite carries a mini CMOS camera that only weighs 20 grams, which makes it easy to operate, and it can take pictures at short intervals.

“Since the camera uses an automatic exposure mode, the camera's field of vision must contain a certain area of the moon to realize correct exposure. When the recent total solar eclipse occurred, the orbiter was flying over the far side of the moon. In the few minutes before and after the moon blocked the earth, all the conditions were right to take the pictures,” Xinhua further quoted the team as saying.

According to the team, to avoid becoming space rubbish, the microsatellite will be controlled to crash into the moon after it stops operation at the end of July.

As per Xinhua, the team cooperated with amateur radio operators in Spain and Germany in taking and receiving the photos. Nearly two pictures taken by the microsatellite during the solar eclipse were sent back to Earth on Wednesday. 

The Fish Soup 7 QRP Rig -- On the Air on 40 Meters (video)

I don't know why, but this weekend I got the urge to get on the air with a very low power homebrew QRP rig.   I reached for my Tuna Tin 2 -- Herring Aid 5 combo.  I call it the Fish Soup 7 (seven transistors in total). 

I first tried to turn this rig into a transceiver by taking the VFO signal from the receiver (it is direct conversion) and using it to excite the Tuna Tin 2, but it just didn't work out.  The oscillator in the Herring Air 5 is very bare bones -- no buffering and an LC circuit that is mostly L (10 uH).  It became very difficult to get a stable amount of CW offset.  So I went back to crystal control for the transmitter.  I did replace the 5K tuning pot in the RX with a 10k 10 turn pot (thanks to W8NSA).  Tuning is now very smooth.  I used my old UK freq counter to monitor my receive freq. (Thanks to Tony Fishpool G4WIF-- back in 2009 he sent me the CMOS chip that brought this counter back to life.) 

I was putting out about 750 milliwatts.  

I had a very quick contest-like contact with K2D -- one of the "13 Colony" stations.  Then a longer chat with Hank K1PUG (see video above).  

I had lost my 7050 crystal, but this morning it re-appeared.  TRGHS. 

As you can see in the video I am using the beautiful VU3XVR  key that Farhan brought me from India. 

This was fun.   I may try to put a VFO of some sort into the TT2, just to get more agility.  But I want to keep things simple.  

Look for me on 7050.  

Homebrew RF Design Contest -- Win $3,000!

https://www.nxp.com/products/rf/rf-power/homebrew-rf-design-challenge-2019:Homebrew-RF-Design-Challenge-PG

Building Spark-Gap Transmitters -- And a Very Cool Coherer (video)

The creators of "Plasma" and "Blueprint" YouTube channels have collaborated on this very interesting video about spark-gap radio transmitters and receivers. Really nice work.  Especially impressive was the coherer build by Blueprint.  I detect the spirit of Nikola Tesla in his lab!  

LightSail 2 -- Solar Sailing Cubesat with a Beacon on the 70cm Band

Once deployed, LightSail 2 will automatically transmit a beacon packet every few seconds, which can be decoded into 238 lines of text telemetry describing the spacecraft's health and status, including everything from battery status to solar sail deployment motor state. Every 45 seconds, the spacecraft will transmit "LS2" on the spacecraft's frequency of 437.025 MHz, within the Amateur Radio 70-centimeter band.

Further details can be found online at,
http://www.planetary.org/explore/projects/lightsail-solar-sailing/ 

Caption (or meme) Contest!

Please supply a caption for this picture.  Or turn it into a meme.  

Place submissions in the comments section below (or e-mail them in) 

Feel free to use the hosts of the SolderSmoke podcast. 

Antuino's Cubesat Origins, and How it Works (with video)

In a series of e-mails to the BITX20.io group, Ashhar Farhan VU2ESE provided background information on the origins of his new "RF Lab in a Box' -- the Antuino. He also explained how the device performs the SWR meter, Power Meter and  Scalar Network Analyzer functions.  

Farhan's Antuino Page: http://www.hfsignals.com/index.php/antuino/

Dec 27, 2018 to BITX.io

peeps,

while trying to measure the swr on the cubesats, i figured i couldnt use any of the analyzers i had access to. they were simply too big to be stuffed inside a 10 cm cube. my simple resistive bridge was too insensitive for any reasonable work. so, i sat down and made an antenna analyzer from a spare raduino. 

the code is wobbly and just about enough to get my work done. it works on a superhet principle. this is not my clever idea, rahul had mentioned this approach taken by a russian builder. i havent seen the original design. it would be interesting if rahul or someone can point me in the right direction.

the code and a pdf of the circuit is on https://github.com/afarhan/antuino. i am attaching the circuit for the lazy bones.

have a great holiday and get some dx !!

- f

Dec 28 2018

Jerry,

first, thanks. there is substantially your code in there.

second, onto the circuit. it uses two clocks. not three. the third is a spare output. more on that later.

the circuit here uses a resistive return loss bridge. the clock 1 drives the bridge through the R22 to a low level of -10dbm. If the bridge is perfectly balanced (that is, the antenna, R21, R29, R16, all the four are the same ohms), then, there will be no RF developed across pins 3 and 4 of the ADE mixer. Under ideal match conditions, there is no RF across the R26. As the mismatch increases, so does the RF across R26. 

We could directly detect the voltage across the R26 with a diode detector. This is quite a popular configuration with most of the simple resistive kind of SWR bridges (like the one designed by Dan Tayloe). This simplicity comes at a cost. The problem is that the detector responds to all the RF between the arms. For instance, if another ham down the block starts to transmit, that energy will show up across the R26 and you will get crazy SWR. I had that problem with broadcast FM showing up on my 7 MHz dipole! Even if there was no RFI from elsewhere, harmonics and spurs from your own transmission can show false readings. 

Here is an example: a 7 MHz transmitter with a 14 Mhz harmonic that is 20 db down is connected to a 7 MHz dipole. The dipole is perfectly tuned to show 1:1 SWR, hence, it should show no RF across R26. However, as the antenna is reflecting back the 14 MHz energy, the 14 MHz shows up across the R26.

What's the solution to get a clean dip?The solution is to substitute a simple detector like a diode detector with a simple receiver that is tuned exactly to the frequency that you want to measure the antenna at.

So, the ADE-1 mixer, Q2, Q1 together form a very simple superhet receiver with 25 MHz IF andCLK2 as the local oscillator. The RF at the IF is directly detected and converted to db range with the AD8307. This simple configuration makes this a very powerful instrument.

Here are things you can do with it:

1. Switch off the CLK1, now you have a receiver that can very accurately measure RF levels at any specific frequency in db range. For instance, you connected your transmitter with a suitable RF attenuator to P3, you can tune to various harmonics and measure them very accurately. If you inject a two tone signal into an amplifier, you could easily measure the IMD and IIP3. 

2. With the CLK1 on, the instrument now measures the return loss. you can measure the SWR of an antenna, S11 parameters of an amplifier, filter, etc.

3. With CLK1 off, CLK 2 on, the CLK2 can now tune to the frequency tuned in by the receiver's LO (CLK0). By connecting a device/filter between P3 and P4, you can sweep it to measure the gain, frequency reponse.

4. As the diode mixer (ADE-1) has harmonic response, a local oscillator at 135 MHz, will also convert a 430 MHz signal into 25 MHz IF (430 - (135 x 3)). This is possible because we are driving the diode mixer with a square wave from the Si5351 and the local oscillator at 135 MHz also has a 405 Mhz harmonic in it. Hence, the range of this instrument extends to UHF.

The ADE-1 mixer is quite similar to the ubitx mixers. You could even use ubitx kind of discrete version of a diode mixer, it doesn't work too well beyond 50 MHz. The pins 4 and 3 of the ADE-1 are the primary winding of the RF-input side transformer. The documentation recommends that we must ground 4, but that is not essential. We need a differential drive between those two pins, that is what the bridge provides anyway. 

73, f

jerry,

i built it so i could stuff it inside the cubesat to measure the antenna. an external spectrum analyzer and its cables were upsetting the RF model hence, i needed something that could read the return loss sitting inside the cubesat. then, i borrowed by daughter's DSLR with a monsterous tele lens and sat 100 meters away to read the the LCD display as it swept through the range. 

the analyzer was removed once we knew the correct dimensions and the actual payload went inside the bird.

- f

Mike KL7R's Web site on Way Back Machine

Thanks to Karl K5KHK for digging this up.  Excellent.  Three cheers for the WayBack Machine.

And thanks again to Walt K3ASW for voicing concern about the disappearance of Mike's site.  Good to know that all is not lost.

https://web.archive.org/web/20131126190933/http://kl7r.ham-radio.ch/

Pete N6QW's RADIG SDR On The Air!

Hi Bill: 

So far I have made about two dozen contacts with the new RADIG. Just finished one with a ham I know in New Mexico and he is an RF Engineer –he was a designer at Alpha. I asked that he do a critical review of how I sounded and looked on his SDR –  a good report and his comment was that if I hadn’t told him he would have guessed it was a $4 or $5K box.

So another goal achieved –on my 60^th year anniversary and this makes #37.

Pete

For more info: 

http://n6qw.blogspot.com/2019/06/sdr-radig-tsunami-of-new-ham-radio.html