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Wednesday, February 23, 2022
An Analog LC VFO for my 17/12 Meter SSB Transceiver (VIDEO #1)
Sunday, February 20, 2022
Saturday, February 19, 2022
Pete's Eclectic Approach to the Pea Shooter, San Jian counters on Analog VFOs, Non-Restaurant Menus
I liked Pete's comments on the various (analog, digital, mixed) approaches to homebrew:
http://n6qw.blogspot.com/2022/02/2022-return-to-peashooter-build.html
http://n6qw.blogspot.com/2022/02/2022-peashooter-20m-compact-ssb.html
I too have San Jian digital counters watching the stability of analog VFOs (DX-100, HQ-100, Mythbuster).
Variety is the spice of life!
I also liked Pete's comment about the fellow who does on-the-air menu counseling for FTDX-3000 owners. I sometimes run into guys on the air who want to do something similar with my simple homebrew rigs. They start by making comments about my audio -- they will usually say it is "too high" or something like that. Especially when I'm using the separate transmitter and receiver (which have to be "netted" imprecisely by ear), I have to explain that maybe resort to their RIT control would help. If they persist, I sometimes have to tell them that how my rig sounds depends A LOT on the placement of the carrier oscillator relative to the passband of the crystal filter (most recently, the filter from the 1963 Swan 240). Most of them have never had to do that kind of adjustment, so the "technical discussion" usually ends at that point, with my interlocutor saying 73, and presumably moving on to someone whose rig has menus to fiddle with. (Recently heard audio techno term: "massaging the codec.")
To each his own!
Friday, February 18, 2022
Thursday, February 17, 2022
How The Physics of Resonance Shapes Quantum Reality
Here is an interesting article that appeared in Wired. It will resonate with many SolderSmoke listeners!
Tuesday, February 15, 2022
Differential Temperature Compensation Capacitors in the Hallicrafters HT-37 Main VFO Tuning Circuit
Monday, February 14, 2022
Podcast (Audio) Version of Bill's Talk to the L'Anse Creuse Amateur Radio Club
Tony G4WIF suggested that I make this talk available as an audio recording. Good idea. Here it is:
http://soldersmoke.com/N2CQRHomebrewing.mp3
6EA8s in the Mate for the Mighty Midget, and WA9WFA Re-Builds a Heath HW-12
I reported to Scott and Grayson that I had finally gotten around to changing the three aging 6U8 tubes in my Mate for the Mighty Midget receiver. I replaced them with three more youthful 6EA8s. This switch really seemed to perk up the old receiver. I'm listening to 75 meters on it right now.
Speaking of 75 meters, Scott sent me this picture of his latest effort: re-building a Heathkit HW-12. FB. This is a way of experiencing (or re-experiencing) the construction of a Heathkit. I did something similar, but much less complicated) with a Heathkit VF-1. Scott did a wonderful job taking this old rig apart. That PC board looks great (see photo below).
Scott's e-mail:
Hi Bill and Grayson, I’m glad to hear of your good results with the 6EA8’s in your MMMrx! I had similar results when I finally got rid of the 6U8’s with their iffy performance and went with the 6EA8’s. I did put a set of 6GH8A’s and tried it out, it worked, but I don’t have any data on performance improvements. After completing the outboard power supply and audio amplifier, I’ve taken a break from my MMMRx and it’s sitting there on the bench. I’ll get back to it in a while.
In the meantime I’ve started a new project where I’m re-kitting a Heathkit HW-12 eighty meter transceiver. I have completed the disassembly process including the pcb. I bought a Hakko vacuum desoldering iron for taking all (ALL) parts off of the pcb, and it’s bare now. I’m planning to start rebuilding this coming week. 73 Scott WA9WFA
Friday, February 11, 2022
Bill Talking about Homebrew Radio with L’Anse Creuse Amateur Radio Club (Michigan) -- February 2, 2022 (Video)
Wednesday, February 9, 2022
Video of SolderSmoke Podcast #235
One contact on uBITX. More SW listening.
Repaired my Chrome Book in Santo Domingo!
Christmas Present for All: James Web Space Telescope launch
Monday, February 7, 2022
SolderSmoke Podcast #235 NE-602, Azores Rig, Spur Problems, SSB Rigs, Peashooter, HB Filters, MAILBAG
SolderSmoke Podcast #235 is available for download:
One contact on uBITX. More SW listening.
Repaired my Chrome Book in Santo Domingo!
Christmas Present for All: James Web Space Telescope launch
Sunday, February 6, 2022
FLASHBACK: The Herring Aid 5 Direct Conversion Receiver and Frank Jones (Video)
Saturday, February 5, 2022
Thomas K4SWL -- SOTA Activation on Bearwallow Mountain, North Carolina (video)
Friday, February 4, 2022
Barefoot Ham Radio -- PA2OHH's Wonderful Web Site
Barefoot technology or simple, non-professional radio technology and real Barefoot power or harmless QRP power, that is what you will find here. There are some complex designs but many designs are simple radio amateur circuits. They will never be used professionally!
These simple circuits and rigs can give you much fun: home brewing, portable activities during holidays, etc.
Batteries and inverted V dipole antenna's with a fishing rod as the center support are all you need to make many QSO's.
Much fun!
Barefoot technology and Barefoot power can give you much fun, but is not perfect... There are disadvantages like VXO control instead of a VFO, direct conversion receivers that receive both sidebands and simple frequency displays that are not so easy to read. But working with such simple equipment is often more exciting than working with a much better commercial transceiver.
Perhaps that you cannot believe that you can make many QSO's with QRP power of only 1 watt. Indeed, some practice is needed in the beginning so do not give up too soon. Every boring standard QSO becomes an exciting experience with QRP power!
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Check out Onno's site: https://www.qsl.net/pa2ohh/
Mike WU2D -- VFO Video #3
Thursday, February 3, 2022
Exorcism Lite -- Spur Suppressed on 17 meter Transmitter -- Split TX/RX Station On The Air
2) Try putting a series LC shunt circuit tuned to 41 MHz at the output of the carrier oscillator (between the oscillator and the buffer).
3) Reduce the voltage to the oscillator/buffer. I have this on a pot, so I can adjust it down to the point where the remnant of the harmonic is no longer audible, while keeping the main carrier osc signal sufficiently strong.
It seemed to work. I could now hear the desired frequency for spotting, without the confusing tone from the spur.
Why had I been able to do this back in 2002 in the Azores using a simple trimmer cap to ground? My guess is that I was using my Drake 2-B as the receiver. The trimmer cap to ground may have reduced harmonic output. And I was probably cranking back the RF gain on the 2-B to the point where I could hear the desired signal but not the remnants of the spur. I have no RF gain control on the Barebones Barbados receiver that I am using in this project.
So, what's the lesson from all this? Well, if you are faced with a serious technical problem, and you find yourself considering complicated and difficult solutions, go to the Dominican Republic for about a month (especially if it is January or February), and then take another look at the problem when you return. If you are unable to travel this far or for this long, taking a walk or taking a weekend break from a troublesome problem will likely have a similar mind-clearing effect.
The video above shows part of a February 1, 2022 QSO with Gar WA5FWC using the split TX/RX 17 meter rig. Gar is an amazing long-time SSB homebrewer who got his start with phasing rigs back in the day.
Wednesday, February 2, 2022
The NCDXF/IARU Beacons (very useful website)
Tuesday, February 1, 2022
Mike WU2D Shows Us How to Do Temperature Compensation in Homebrew LC Analog VFOs
Wednesday, January 26, 2022
Image of James Webb Space Telescope In Position at L2
Friday, January 21, 2022
"From Crystal Sets to Sideband" -- A Great Book about Homebrew Radio by Frank Harris K0IYE (FREE!)
I first came across the above picture of K0IYE's inspirational, completely homebrew station many years ago in the pages of "World Radio" magazine. I have already linked to Frank's book many times over the years, but it is so good that I regularly feel compelled to write about it again. Frank updates the book. Just check out the introduction to his website. Frank even has a Spanish language version of his book. All for free. Thank you Frank.
The introduction to Frank's web site:
Thursday, January 20, 2022
Mike WU2D on VFOs (with additional Tribal Knowledge from Frank Harris K0IYE)
Wednesday, January 12, 2022
Looking at the Galaxy's Spiral Arms with a Dongle, a Raspberry Pi,and a Homebrew Antenna
Monday, January 10, 2022
Exorcism Not Quite Complete -- Thinking of Other Options
As often happens, I may have jumped the gun in declaring the exorcism of my 17 meter transmitter to be a success. As readers of this blog will recall, my problem was that when trying to "net" my separate 17 MHz receiver and transmitter, at around 18.116 MHz I could hear more than one tone as I tried to get to zero beat. The 8th harmonic of my 5.176 MHz carrier oscillator was mixing with the 23 MHz VXO signal and producing a spur. I could probably knock the level of this spur down below FCC limits, but -- and here is the problem -- I probably could never knock it down to the point that it would not be audible in the sensitive receiver that sits right next to the transmitter. So this is really a netting problem, not really a spur problem.
I don't want to try another filter frequency -- I have VXO crystals that really work only with a filter at 5.176 MHz.
So here is my current idea: Build a receiver board and turn this thing into a transceiver. Switch with relays the input and output of the 5.176 MHz filter, and use relays to switch to the receiver board the VXO and carrier oscillator signals.
Making this thing a transceiver would eliminate the need for netting. This should solve my problem.
What do you folks think?
73 Bill
Thursday, January 6, 2022
Roy Lewallen W7EL Gives Us All EZNEC for FREE! Thanks Roy! (Video)
Tuesday, January 4, 2022
Exorcism Completed! Getting Rid of the Spur in my 17 meter SSB Transmitter using a TinySA (video)
To re-cap: The problem became evident when trying to "net" or "spot" my transmitter onto my receive frequency. Around 18.116 MHz, I could hear at least two tones in the receiver as I moved the transmitter frequency. I needed to get rid of the extra tone.
First, thanks to all who sent in suggestions. They came in literally from around the world, and this is a demonstration of the IBEW in action. I used or at least tried all of them. They were all good ideas.
Following Vasily Ivananeko's pseudonymous suggestion I rebuilt the carrier oscillator (apologies to G3YCC). I used the carrier oscillator/buffer circuit from Farhan's BITX20.
Henk PA0EME said I should look at the signal level at the input ports of the NE602 mixer. Henk was right --- the VXO input was far too high. I lowered it, but the problem persisted.
At first, I thought that the spur in question was so small that it would not show up on the air. I could not see it in the TX output using my TinySA spectrum analyzer. That was good news and bad news: Good that it was not showing up on the air, bad that I could not see it in the TinySA and use that image in the exorcism.
At first I thought that the spur was being caused by the 10th harmonic of the carrier oscillator and the third harmonic of the VXO. This seemed to fit. So, following VK3YE's sage advice, I built a little 69 MHz series LC trap (using a coil sent by AA1TJ, on a board CNC'd by Pete N6QW). That trap succeeded spectacularly in crushing the 10 harmonic. Look at these before and after shots on the TinySA:
Spectacular right? But guess what? The problem was still there.
I scrutinized the situation once more. I realized that the spur would be more visible if I put the TinySA on the input of the transmitter's PA (a JBOT amp designed by Farhan) as opposed to putting it on the output. Watching the spur and the needed signal move in the TinySA as I tuned the VXO, I realized that they were moving in opposite directions. This indicated that the spur was the result of a carrier oscillator harmonic MINUS a VXO-generated frequency (as the VXO frequency increased, the spur frequency decreased). Looking at my EXCEL spread sheet, I could see it: 8th harmonic of the carrier oscillator MINUS the main output of the VXO.
To confirm this, I plugged the values into W7ZOI's Spurtune program. Yes, the spur popped up and moved as predicted.
For further confirmation I shut down the carrier oscillator by pulling the crystal from the socket, and then just clipped in a 5.176 MHz signal from my HP-8640B signal generator (thanks KB3SII and W2DAB). Boom! On the TinySA, the spur disappeared. Now I at least knew what the problem was: a harmonic from the carrier oscillator.
Following good troubleshooting practice, I turned off the gear and went to bed. When I woke up, an idea came to me: Before launching into a lot of filtering and shielding, just try running the carrier oscillator at a lower voltage, seeing if doing so might reduce the harmonic output. I disconnected the carrier oscillator board from the main supply and clipped in a variable voltage bench supply. Watching the signal on my TinySA, I watched as the spur completely disappeared as I reduced the voltage from around 13V to 10V (see video above). The main signal frequency level did not change much. I tested this by listening for the hated extra tones. They were gone. Exorcised.
Key lessons:
-- Spur problems are difficult to troubleshoot. Armstrong's superhet architecture is, of course, great, but this is definitely one of the pitfalls. Single conversion makes life easier. IF selection is very important. Choose wisely!
-- When looking at the TinySA as you tune the rig, pay attention to which way the spur is moving. This provides an important clue regarding the combination of harmonic you are dealing with.
-- The TinySA is a very useful tool. It seems like it is easier to use than the NanoVNA (which is also a fantastic tool).
-- It can be fun and rewarding to re-visit old projects. In the years between original construction and the re-look, new test gear has become available, and the skill and experience of the builder has improved. So problems that once seemed insurmountable become fix-able.
-- Thinking through a problem and thinking about possible solutions is very important. It pays to step away from the bench to think and rest. Rome wasn't built in a day. Here's a rough block diagram that I drew up (noodled!) while trying to figure out this problem:
Monday, January 3, 2022
1BCG -- The 100th Anniversary of the Trans-Atlantic Test
Phil W1PJE managed to hear and record some of the 2021 transmission (Thanks Phil). Listen here:
https://drive.google.com/file/
Phil also sent this spectrogram of the signal.
Sunday, January 2, 2022
SolderSpace! N2CQR from Geostationary Orbit
Saturday, January 1, 2022
Straight Key Night 2021/2022 (Videos) -- Happy New Year!
An Interview with Paul Lutus (Audio)
Friday, December 31, 2021
Troubleshooting Apollo: 23 MHz Crystals in a NASA Ground Receiver
Thursday, December 30, 2021
McCoy SSB Crystal Filters (1963) -- But Apparently NOT the Real (Lew) McCoy
Wednesday, December 29, 2021
My Kind of Chip: A Homebrew Discrete 555 Timer Built on Wooden Boards (video)
I know we could do something similar with the NE602 or the LM386. But probably not with an Arduino microcontroller or an Si5351. And that says something about understanding and complexity.
Thanks Radraksha. And thanks to Hack-A-Day for alerting us to this: https://hackaday.com/2021/12/20/all-hail-your-new-giant-555-timer-overlord/#more-512230
Tuesday, December 28, 2021
How to Fix the Spur Problem in my 17 Meter SSB Transmitter?
In the 2004 QST article I discuss a problem I had with "spotting" or "netting." This is something of a lost art, something that you had to do back in the pre-transceiver days, when running a separate transmitter and receiver. This was how you got the transmitter on the receiver's frequency. Essentially you would turn on the carrier oscillator and the VFO and let a little signal get out, enough to allow you to tune the VFO until you heard zero beat on the receiver. My problem was that around one particular frequency, I would hear several zero-beats. This made netting the receiver and the transmitter hard to do.
Important note: This is really just a problem with the "netting" or "spotting" procedure -- the problematic spur does not show up in any significant way in the output of the transmitter. I can't see it on my TinySA. But it is strong enough to be heard in the unmuted receiver sitting right next to the transmitter. And that creates the netting problem.
In the QST article, I said that I noticed that the problem seemed to be centered around 18.116 MHz. As I approached this frequency, the tones -- desired and unwanted -- seemed to converge. That was an important clue. In the article I said I thought that I could eliminate the problem with just one trimmer cap to ground in the carrier oscillator, but looking back I don't think that this really fixed the problem.
I recently took a fresh look at it. Exactly which frequencies were causing the unwanted signals that appeared in my receiver?
I used an Excel Spread sheet to find the culprits.